William Henry Young, an unconventional president of the International Mathematical Union. (English) Zbl 1502.01068
Mazliak, Laurent (ed.) et al., Mathematical communities in the reconstruction after the Great War 1918–1928. Trajectories and institution. Based on the international meeting, Marseilles, November 2018. Cham: Birkhäuser. Trends Hist. Sci., 1-29 (2021).
Summary: William Henry Young was President of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) from 1929 to 1932. These were turbulent times for international cooperation in science in general, and mathematics in particular. The main cause of conflict was the International Research Council (IRC), which was created after the war by the Allied Powers with the aim of controlling international scientific relations.
For the entire collection see [Zbl 1483.01004].
For the entire collection see [Zbl 1483.01004].
MSC:
| 01A74 | History of mathematics at institutions and academies (non-university) |
Biographic References:
Young, William HenryReferences:
| [1] | 1907: Fellow of the Royal Society. The certificate of proposal for his election lists thirty-three works (articles and books) and was signed by mathematicians from the Royal Society such as Burnside, Hobson, Love, and Forsyth. 29 1917: Awarded the De Morgan Medal of the London Mathematical Society. 1922-1924: Elected President of the London Mathematical Society. 1928: Awarded the Sylvester Medal of the Royal Society. 1929-1932: Appointed President of the International Mathematical Union. 1939: Honorary Fellow of his college in Cambridge. |
| [2] | Ce travail de M. Young est le premier de ceux qui ont finalement bien fait comprendre ce que c’est qu’une integrate de Stieltjes. |
| [3] | Young (1913). |
| [4] | Hausdorff (1923). |
| [5] | Archive of the Royal Society, reference numbers EC/1907/17 and EC/1907/18. |
| [6] | Archibald, R.C. 1938. A Semicentennial History of the American Mathematical Society, 1888-1938, vol. 1. |
| [7] | Badash, L. 1979. British and American Views of the German Menace in World War I. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 34: 91-121. |
| [8] | Barrow-Green, J. 2014. Cambridge Mathematicians’ Responses to the First World War. In ’The War of Guns and Mathematics’: Mathematical Practices and Communities in France and Its Western Allies around World War I, ed. D. Aubin and C. Goldstein, 59-124. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. · Zbl 1319.01017 |
| [9] | Bongiorno, B., and G.P. Curbera. 2018. Giovanni Battista Guccia: Pioneer of International Cooperation in Mathematics. Berlin: Springer. · Zbl 1400.01001 |
| [10] | Buhl, A. 1931. Gabriel Koenigs. L’Enseignement Mathématique 30: 286-287. · JFM 58.0992.01 |
| [11] | Cartwright, M.L. 1944. Grace Chisholm Young. Journal of the London Mathematical Society 19: 185-191. · Zbl 0060.01816 |
| [12] | Cock, A.G. 1983. Chauvinism and Internationalism in Science: The International Research Council, 1919-1926. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 37: 249-288. · Zbl 0601.01029 |
| [13] | Curbera, G.P. 2009. Mathematicians of the World: Unite! The International Congress of Mathe-maticians: A Human Endeavor. Wellesley: AK Peters. This book is freely available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. · Zbl 1166.01001 |
| [14] | Dauben, J.W. 1980. Mathematicians and World War I: The International Diplomacy of GH Hardy and Gösta Mittag-Leffler as Reflected in Their Personal Correspondence. Historia Mathematics 7: 261-288. · Zbl 0449.01021 |
| [15] | De Launay, L. 1931. Gabriel Koenigs. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences 193: 755-756. |
| [16] | Fehr, H. 1932. Union Internationale Mathématique. Troisième Assemblée Générale tenue à Zurich le 11 septembre 1932. L’Enseignement Mathématique 31(1): 276-278. · JFM 59.0045.24 |
| [17] | Fields, J.C. (ed.). 1928. Proceedings of the International Mathematical Congress Held in Toronto, August 11-16, 1924. Toronto: The University of Toronto Press. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. |
| [18] | Furinghetti, F., and L. Giacardi. 2008. The First Century of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (1908-2008). https://www.icmihistory.unito.it/. |
| [19] | Giacardi, L., and R. Tazzioli. 2020. The Unione Matematica Italiana and its Bollettino, 1922-1928. National and International Facets, (this volume). |
| [20] | Grattan-Guinness, I. 1972. A Mathematical Union: William Henry and Grace Chisholm Young. Annals of Science 29: 105-185. · Zbl 0244.01009 |
| [21] | Grattan-Guinness, I. 1975. Mathematical Bibliography for WH and GC Young. Historia Mathe-matica 2: 43-58. · Zbl 0296.01017 |
| [22] | Greenaway, F. 1996. Science International: A History of the International Research Council. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. · Zbl 0908.01042 |
| [23] | Guerraggio, A., and P. Nastasi. 2006. Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars. Berlin: Springer. |
| [24] | Guerraggio, A., and P. Nastasi. 2008. Roma 1908: il Congresso internazionale dei matematici. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri. |
| [25] | Hardy, G.H. 1924. International Congresses. Science LX (1565): 591-592. |
| [26] | Hardy, G.H. 1942. William Henry Young. Journal of the London Mathematical Society 17: 218-237. · Zbl 0028.33708 |
| [27] | Hausdorff, F. 1923. Eine Ausdehnung des Parsevalschen Satzes über Fourierreihen. Mathematische Zeitschrift 16: 163-169. · JFM 49.0200.01 |
| [28] | Holland, W.J. 1918. Shall Writers upon the Biological Sciences Agree to Ignore Systematic Papers Published in the German Language Since 1914? Science: 48 (1245): 469-471. |
| [29] | Jeffreys, H. 1919. The National Union of Scientific Workers and Research. Nature 104: 23-24. |
| [30] | Keynes, J.M. 1949. Dr. Melchior: A Defeated Enemy, the Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, vol. X. London: Royal Economic Society. |
| [31] | Lebesgue, H. 1928. Leçons sur l’intégration et la recherché des fonctions primitives, 2e éd. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. · JFM 54.0257.01 |
| [32] | Lehto, O. 1998. Mathematics Without Borders: A History of the International Mathematical Union. Berlin: Springer. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www. mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. · Zbl 0889.01021 |
| [33] | Oslo. 1937. Comptes rendus du congrés international des mathématiciens, Oslo 1936. Oslo: A.W. Brogers Boktrykkeri A/S. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. |
| [34] | Pincherle, S. 1929-1932. Atti del Congresso Internazionale dei Matematici: Bologna, 3-10 Settembre 1928 (VI). Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. |
| [35] | Rasmussen, A. 2007. Réparer, réconcilier, oublier: enjeux et mythes de la démobilisation scientifique, 1918-1925. Histoire@Politique 3. www.histoire-politique.fr. |
| [36] | Richardson, R.G.D. 1932. International Congress of Mathematicians, Zurich 1932. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 769-774. |
| [37] | Rothman, P. 1996. Grace Chisholm Young and the Division of Laurels. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 50: 89-100. · Zbl 0840.01056 |
| [38] | Rowe, D.E., and R. Schulman. 2007. Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, Zionism, War, Peace, and the Bomb. Princeton: Princeton University Press. |
| [39] | Royal Society. 1948. Report of the Royal Society Empire Scientific Conference, June-July 1946. London: Royal Society. |
| [40] | Rudio, F. (ed.). 1898. Verhandlungen des ersten Internationalen Mathematiker-Kongresses: in Zürich vom 9. bis 11. August 1897. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. · JFM 29.0023.04 |
| [41] | Saxer, W. (ed.). 1932. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Mathematiker-Kongresses. Zürich 1932. Zürich: Orell Füssli. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https:// www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. |
| [42] | Schroeder-Gudehus, B. 2014. Les scientifiques et la paix. La communauté scientifique internationale au cours des années 20. Montréal: Presses de l’Université de Montréal. |
| [43] | Schubring, G. 2008. The Origins and the Early History of ICMI. International Journal for the History of Mathematics Education 3 (2): 3-33. |
| [44] | Schuster, A. 1920. International Research Council. Constitutive Assembly held at Brussels, July 18-28, 1919. Reports of Proceedings. London: Harrison & Sons. |
| [45] | Taton, R. 1970. Gabriel Koenigs, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. In Charles Scribner’s Sons, vol. 7, 446. New York. |
| [46] | Turner, L.E. 2011. Cultivating Mathematics in an International Space: Roles of Gösta Mittag-Leffler in the Development and Internationalization of Mathematics in Sweden and Beyond, 1880-1920. Ph.D. thesis, Aarhus Universitet. https://css.au.dk/fileadmin/www.ivs.au.dk/css.au. dk/Turner_PhD_Thesis_2012.pdf. |
| [47] | Villat, H. (ed.). 1921. Comptes rendus du congrés international des mathématiciens: Strasbourg, 22-30 Sept., 1920. Toulouse: Eduard Privat. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. · JFM 48.0046.06 |
| [48] | Young, W.H. 1908. On Some Application of Semi-continuous Functions. In Atti del IV Congresso internazionale dei matematici: Roma 6-11 Aprile 1908, vol. 2, ed. G. Castelnuovo (1909), 49-60. Roma: R. Accademia dei Lincei. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. · JFM 40.0474.01 |
| [49] | Young, W.H. 1913. On the Determination of the Summability of a Function by Means of Its Fourier Constants. The Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 12: 71-88. · JFM 44.0301.01 |
| [50] | Young, W.H. 1921. Le problème des aires et des volumes. In Comptes rendus du congrés inter-national des mathématiciens: Strasbourg, 22-30 Sept., 1920, 123-129, ed. H. Villat. Toulouse: Eduard Privat. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www. mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. · JFM 48.1196.05 |
| [51] | Young, W.H. 1928a. Some Characteristic Features of Twentieth Century Pure Mathematical Research. In Proceedings of the International Mathematical Congress held in Toronto, August 11-16, 1924, vol. 1, ed. J.C. Fields (1928), 155-169. Toronto: The University of Toronto Press. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/ icm/proceedings. · JFM 54.0048.14 |
| [52] | Young, W.H. 1928b. The Mathematical Method and Its Limitations. In Atti del Congresso Inter-nazionale dei Matematici: Bologna, 3-10 Settembre 1928 (VI), vol. 1, ed. S. Pincherle (1929-1932), 203-214. Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli. Available at the website of the International Mathematical Union, https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings. · JFM 55.0628.04 |
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.
