All-optical switch with ultrahigh switching efficiency and ultralow threshold energy based on a one-dimensional PT-symmetric ring optical waveguide network. (English) Zbl 1507.78015
Summary: In this work, we propose an all-optical switch based on one-dimensional (1D) parity-time-symmetric (PT-symmetric) ring optical waveguide network (PTSROWN). By use of the resonant coupling effect of the PT-symmetric structure, the all-optical switch based on our designed 1D PTSROWN generates an ultrahigh transmissivity of \(1.42\times 10^{18}\) at ON state, which breaks the bottleneck of the transmissivity of 1 at ON state produced by the all-optical switches made of dielectric optical waveguide networks, photonic crystals, microring resonators, and meanwhile, creates an ultralow transmissivity of \(1.01\times 10^{-18}\) at OFF state. It causes our designing all-optical switch reproducing extraordinary large switch efficiency of \(1.41\times 10^{36}\), which is 10 orders of magnitude greater than the optimal results reported yet. On the other hand, the super resonant coupling effects can also make the all-optical switch generate ultrastrong photonic localization at ON state, and then drastically reduce the threshold energy. In addition, we have deeply optimized the PT-symmetric optical waveguide network and obtain better extremum spontaneous PT-symmetric breaking points. On this condition, our designing all-optical switch can produce an ultralow threshold energy of \(4.3\times 10^{-34}\) J, which is 12 orders of magnitude smaller than the best reported results. This not only provides a better choice for developing all-optical switching devices with better performance, but also possesses a broad application prospect in designing high-efficiency optical amplifiers, optical energy saver devices, etc.
MSC:
| 78A60 | Lasers, masers, optical bistability, nonlinear optics |
| 78A50 | Antennas, waveguides in optics and electromagnetic theory |
References:
| [1] | Leuthold, J.; Koos, C.; Freude, W., Nonlinear silicon photonics, Nat Photonics, 4, 8, 535-544 (2010) |
| [2] | Hillerkuss, D.; Schmogrow, R.; Schellinger, T., \( 26 \operatorname{Tbit} s^{- 1}\) Line-rate super-channel transmission utilizing all-optical fast Fourier transform processing, Nat Photonics, 5, 6, 364-371 (2011) |
| [3] | Szöke, A.; Daneu, V.; Goldhar, J., Bistable optical element and its applications, Appl Phys Lett, 15, 11, 376-379 (1969) |
| [4] | Li, C., The principles of all-optical switching (2010), Science Press: Science Press Beijing China, (in Chinese) |
| [5] | Li, C., All-optical switches based on nanophotonics, Wuli, 41, 1, 9-19 (2011) |
| [6] | Chai, Z.; Hu, X.; Wang, F., Ultrafast all-optical switching, Adv Opt Mater, 5, 7, Article 1600665 pp. (2017) |
| [7] | Nozaki, K.; Tanabe, T.; Shinya, A., Sub-femtojoule all-optical switching using a photonic-crystal nanocavity, Nat Photonics, 4, 7, 477-483 (2010) |
| [8] | Nozaki, K.; Shinya, A.; Matsuo, S., Ultralow-energy and high-contrast all-optical switch involving Fano resonance based on coupled photonic crystal nanocavities, Opt Express, 21, 10, 11877-11888 (2013) |
| [9] | Hu, X.; Jiang, P.; Ding, C., Picosecond and low-power all-optical switching based on an organic photonic-bandgap microcavity, Nat Photonics, 2, 3, 185-189 (2008) |
| [10] | Hoseini, M.; Malekmohammad, M., All-optical high performance graphene-photonic crystal switch, Opt Commun, 383, 159-164 (2017) |
| [11] | Shirdel, M.; Mansouri-Birjandi, M. A., Photonic crystal all-optical switch based on a nonlinear cavity, Optik, 127, 8, 3955-3958 (2016) |
| [12] | Daghooghi, T.; Soroosh, M.; Ansari-Asl, K., A novel proposal for all-optical decoder based on photonic crystals, Photonic Netw Commun, 35, 3, 335-341 (2018) |
| [13] | Zhang, Y.; Hu, X.; Yang, H., Multi-component nanocomposite for all-optical switching applications, Appl Phys Lett, 99, 14, Article 141113 pp. (2011) |
| [14] | Ren, M.; Jia, B.; Ou, J. Y., Nanostructured plasmonic medium for terahertz bandwidth all-optical switching, Adv Mater, 23, 46, 5540-5544 (2011) |
| [15] | Khani, S.; Danaie, M.; Rezaei, P., Realization of a plasmonic optical switch using improved nano-disk resonators with Kerr-type nonlinearity: A theoretical and numerical study on challenges and solutions, Opt Commun, 477, Article 126359 pp. (2020) |
| [16] | Khani, S.; Danaie, M.; Rezaei, P., Plasmonic all-optical metal-insulator-metal switches based on silver nano-rods, comprehensive theoretical analysis and design guidelines, J Comput Electron, 20, 1, 442-457 (2021) |
| [17] | Khani, S.; Danaie, M.; Rezaei, P., All-optical plasmonic switches based on asymmetric directional couplers incorporating Bragg gratings, Plasmonics, 15, 3, 869-879 (2020) |
| [18] | Wu, H. Y.; Huang, Y. T.; Shen, P. T., Ultrasmall all-optical plasmonic switch and its application to superresolution imaging, Sci Rep-Uk, 6, 1, 1-9 (2016) |
| [19] | Pelc, J. S.; Rivoire, K.; Vo, S., Picosecond all-optical switching in hydrogenated amorphous silicon microring resonators, Opt Express, 22, 4, 3797-3810 (2014) |
| [20] | Sethi, P.; Roy, S., All-optical ultrafast switching in \(2 \times 2\) silicon microring resonators and its application to reconfigurable DEMUX/MUX and reversible logic gates, J Lightwave Technol, 32, 12, 2173-2180 (2014) |
| [21] | Gondarenko, A.; Levy, J. S.; Lipson, M., High confinement micron-scale silicon nitride high Q ring resonator, Opt Express, 17, 14, 11366-11370 (2009) |
| [22] | Su, S. P.; Wu, C. L.; Cheng, C. H., Nonstoichiometric SiC bus/ring waveguide based all-optical data format follower and inverter, ACS Photonics, 3, 5, 806-818 (2016) |
| [23] | Dani, K. M.; Ku, Z.; Upadhya, P. C., Subpicosecond optical switching with a negative index metamaterial, Nano Lett, 9, 10, 3565-3569 (2009) |
| [24] | Choi, S. B.; Kyoung, J. S.; Kim, H. S., Nanopattern enabled terahertz all-optical switching on vanadium dioxide thin film, Appl Phys Lett, 98, 7, Article 071105 pp. (2011) |
| [25] | Guo, P.; Weimer, M. S.; Emery, J. D., Conformal coating of a phase change material on ordered plasmonic nanorod arrays for broadband all-optical switching, ACS Nano, 11, 1, 693-701 (2017) |
| [26] | Petronijevic, E.; Sibilia, C., All-optical tuning of EIT-like dielectric metasurfaces by means of chalcogenide phase change materials, Opt Express, 24, 26, 30411-30420 (2016) |
| [27] | Wu, L.; Xie, Z.; Lu, L., Few-layer tin sulfide: A promising black-phosphorus-analogue 2D material with exceptionally large nonlinear optical response, high stability, and applications in all-optical switching and wavelength conversion, Adv Opt Mater, 6, 2, Article 1700985 pp. (2018) |
| [28] | Igarashi, J.; Remy, Q.; Iihama, S., Engineering single-shot all-optical switching of ferromagnetic materials, Nano Lett, 20, 12, 8654-8660 (2020) |
| [29] | Wu, L.; Chen, K.; Huang, W., Perovskite CsPbX3: a promising nonlinear optical material and its applications for ambient all-optical switching with enhanced stability, Adv Opt Mater, 6, 19, Article 1800400 pp. (2018) |
| [30] | Feng, J.; Wang, J.; Fieramosca, A., All-optical switching based on interacting exciton polaritons in self-assembled perovskite microwires, Sci Adv, 7, 46, eabj6627 (2021) |
| [31] | Wu, J.; Yang, X., Theoretical design of a pump-free ultrahigh efficiency all-optical switching based on a defect ring optical waveguide network, Ann Phys-Berlin, 531, 2, Article 1800258 pp. (2019) |
| [32] | Zhu, Y.; Hu, X.; Yang, H., Ultralow-power all-optical tunable double plasmon-induced transparencies in nonlinear metamaterials, Appl Phys Lett, 104, 21, Article 211108 pp. (2014) |
| [33] | Zhang, F.; Hu, X.; Zhu, Y., Ultrafast all-optical tunable Fano resonance in nonlinear metamaterials, Appl Phys Lett, 102, 18, Article 181109 pp. (2013) |
| [34] | Born, B.; Geoffroy-Gagnon, S.; Krupa, J. D.A., Ultrafast all-optical switching via subdiffractional photonic nanojets and select semiconductor nanoparticles, ACS Photonics, 3, 6, 1095-1101 (2016) |
| [35] | Xu, X.; Yang, X., A self-defocusing effect in series of networks for nano all-OpticalSwitching, Ann Phys-Berlin, 533, 7, Article 2100028 pp. (2021) · Zbl 07767846 |
| [36] | Yao, X.; Yang, X.; Wang, Q., Characteristics and mechanism of all-optical switching based on a one-dimensional two-connected periodic triangle optical waveguide network, Appl Opt, 59, 27, 8182-8189 (2020) |
| [37] | Zhang, M.; Yang, X.; Wang, Q., Characteristics and mechanism of all-optical swit-ching based on one-dimensional periodic two-segment-connected tetrahedral optical waveguide network, Opt Commun, 474, Article 126091 pp. (2020) |
| [38] | Tang, X.; Yang, X.; Tang, Y., Optimization of the all-optical switching constructed from photonic bandgap network, Phys Status Solidi b, 257, 5, Article 1900702 pp. (2020) |
| [39] | Refractive Index INFO, Refractive index database. https://refractiveindex.info/?shelf=glass&book=OHARA-FPM&page=S-FPM2. |
| [40] | Imakita, K.; Tsuchihashi, Y.; Naruiwa, R., Ultrafast nonlinear optical responses of bismuth doped silicon-rich silica films, Appl Phys Lett, 101, 19, Article 191106 pp. (2012) |
| [41] | Wu, J. Y.; Wu, X. H.; Yang, X. B., Extraordinary transmission and reflection in PT-symmetric two-segment-connected triangular optical waveguide networks with perfect and broken integer waveguide length ratios, Chin Phys B, 28, 10, Article 104208 pp. (2019) |
| [42] | Wang, Z.-Y.; Yang, X., Strong attenuation within the photonic band gaps of multiconne-cted networks, Phys Rev B, 76, 23, Article 235104 pp. (2007) |
| [43] | Xu, X.; Yang, X.; Wang, S., Sufficient condition for producing photonic band gapsin one-dimensional optical waveguide networks, Opt Express, 23, 21, 27576-27588 (2015) |
| [44] | Zhi, Y.; Yang, X.; Wu, J., Extraordinary characteristics for one-dimensional parity-time-symmetric periodic ring optical waveguide networks, Photonics Res, 6, 6, 579-586 (2018) |
| [45] | Lu, J.; Yang, X.; Cai, L., Large photonic band gap and strong attenuation of multiconnected Peano network, Opt Commun, 285, 4, 459-464 (2012) |
| [46] | Yang, X.; Song, H.; Liu, T. C., Comb-like optical transmission spectrum resulting from a four-cornered two-waveguide-connected network, Phys Lett A, 377, 42, 3048-3051 (2013) · Zbl 1295.78015 |
| [47] | Liu, Y.; Hou, Z.; Hui, P. M., Electronic transport properties of Sierpinski lattices, Phys Rev B, 60, 19, 13444 (1999) |
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.
