×

Feedback control of multibody systems with joint clearance and dynamic backlash: a tutorial. (English) Zbl 1400.70018

Summary: The problem of feedback control of mechanisms with joint clearance is analysed. Various control strategies are reviewed: impactless trajectories with persistent contact, control through collisions, the stabilization of equilibrium points, and trajectory tracking control. This article sets a general control framework, brings some preliminary answers and leaves some problems open, which are mentioned throughout the article and in the conclusions.

MSC:

70E55 Dynamics of multibody systems
70E50 Stability problems in rigid body dynamics
70Q05 Control of mechanical systems
93B52 Feedback control
93D15 Stabilization of systems by feedback

References:

[1] Acary, V., Projected event-capturing time-stepping schemes for nonsmooth mechanical systems with unilateral contact and coulomb’s friction, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 256, 224-250, (2013) · Zbl 1352.74477 · doi:10.1016/j.cma.2012.12.012
[2] Acary, V., Brogliato, B.: Numerical Methods for Nonsmooth Dynamical Systems. Applications in Mechanics and Electronics. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol. 35. Springer, Berlin (2008) · Zbl 1173.74001
[3] Addi, K.; Brogliato, B.; Goeleven, D., A qualitative mathematical analysis of a class of linear variational inequalities via semi-complementarity problems: applications in electronics, Math. Program., 126, 31-67, (2011) · Zbl 1229.90224 · doi:10.1007/s10107-009-0268-7
[4] Akhadkar, N.; Acary, V.; Brogliato, B., Analysis of collocated feedback controllers for four-bar planar mechanisms with joint clearances, Multibody Syst. Dyn., 38, 101-136, (2016) · Zbl 1351.70001 · doi:10.1007/s11044-016-9523-x
[5] Ames, A.D.; Galloway, K.; Sreenath, K.; Grizzle, J.W., Rapidly exponentially stabilizing control Lyapunov functions and hybrid zero dynamics, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 59, 876-891, (2014) · Zbl 1360.93533 · doi:10.1109/TAC.2014.2299335
[6] Ballard, P., Formulation and well-posedness of the dynamics of rigid body systems with perfect unilateral constraints, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 359, 2327-2346, (2001) · Zbl 1014.70005 · doi:10.1098/rsta.2001.0854
[7] Baumann, M.; Leine, R.I., A synchronization-based state observer for impact oscillators using only collision time information, Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control, 26, 2542-2563, (2016) · Zbl 1346.93081 · doi:10.1002/rnc.3460
[8] Bernstein, D.S.: Matrix Mathematics. Theory, Facts, and Formulas with Application to Linear Systems Theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2005) · Zbl 1075.15001
[9] Blumentals, A.; Brogliato, B.; Bertails-Descoubes, F., The contact problem in Lagrangian systems subject to bilateral and unilateral constraints,with or without sliding coulomb’s friction: a tutorial, Multibody Syst. Dyn., 38, 43-76, (2016) · Zbl 1372.70044 · doi:10.1007/s11044-016-9527-6
[10] Bourgeot, J.M.; Brogliato, B., Tracking control of Lagrangian complementarity systems, Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos, 15, 1839-1866, (2005) · Zbl 1092.93582 · doi:10.1142/S0218127405013010
[11] Brogliato, B., Absolute stability and the Lagrange-Dirichlet theorem with monotone multivalued mappings, Syst. Control Lett., 51, 343-353, (2004) · Zbl 1157.93455 · doi:10.1016/j.sysconle.2003.09.007
[12] Brogliato, B., Inertial couplings between unilateral and bilateral holonomic constraints in frictionless Lagrangian systems, Multibody Syst. Dyn., 29, 289-325, (2013) · Zbl 1271.70032 · doi:10.1007/s11044-012-9317-8
[13] Brogliato, B., Kinetic quasi-velocities in unilaterally constrained Lagrangian mechanics with impacts and friction, Multibody Syst. Dyn., 32, 175-216, (2014) · Zbl 1351.70014 · doi:10.1007/s11044-013-9392-5
[14] Brogliato, B.: Nonsmooth Mechanics. Models, Dynamics and Control, third edn. Communications and Control Engineering. Springer, Berlin (2016) · Zbl 1333.74002
[15] Brogliato, B.; Zavala-Rio, A., On the control of complementary-slackness mechanical juggling systems, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 45, 235-246, (2000) · Zbl 0982.70018 · doi:10.1109/9.839946
[16] Brogliato, B.; Niculescu, S.I.; Orhant, P., On the control of finite-dimensional mechanical systems with unilateral constraints, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 42, 200-215, (1997) · Zbl 0872.70019 · doi:10.1109/9.554400
[17] Brogliato, B.; Mabrouk, M.; Zavala-Rio, A., On the controllability of linear juggling mechanical systems, Syst. Control Lett., 55, 350-367, (2006) · Zbl 1129.93319 · doi:10.1016/j.sysconle.2005.08.012
[18] Brogliato, B., Lozano, R., Maschke, B., Egeland, O.: Dissipative Systems Analysis and Control. Theory and Applications, 2nd edn. Communications and Control Engineering. Springer, London (2007) · Zbl 1121.93002
[19] Byrnes, C.I.; Isidori, A., Asymptotic stabilization of minimum phase nonlinear systems, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 36, 1122-1337, (1991) · Zbl 0758.93060 · doi:10.1109/9.90226
[20] Chang, S.L.; Tsai, L.W., On the redundant-drive backlash-free robotic mechanisms, ASME J. Mech. Des., 115, 247-254, (1993) · doi:10.1115/1.2919184
[21] Changqing, B.; Qingyu, X., Dynamic model of ball bearings with internal clearance and waviness, J. Sound Vib., 294, 23-48, (2006) · doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2005.10.005
[22] Chevallereau, C.; Westervelt, E.R.; Grizzle, J.W., Asymptotically stable running for a five-link, four-actuator, planar bipedal robot, Int. J. Robot. Res., 24, 431-464, (2005) · doi:10.1177/0278364905054929
[23] Duarte, F.; Machado, J.T., Describing function of two masses with backlash, Nonlinear Dyn., 56, 409-413, (2009) · Zbl 1204.70022 · doi:10.1007/s11071-008-9410-y
[24] Facchinei, F., Pang, J.S.: Finite-Dimensional Inequalities and Complementarity Problems, vol. I. Springer Series in Operations Research. Springer, Berlin (2003) · Zbl 1062.90001
[25] Flores, P., Ambrosio, J., Claro, J.P., Lankarani, H.: Kinematics and Dynamics of Multibody Systems with Imperfect Joints. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol. 34. Springer, Berlin (2008) · Zbl 1142.70001
[26] Flores, P.; Koshy, C.; Lankarani, H.; Ambrosio, J.; Claro, J., Numerical and experimental investigation on multibody systems with revolute joint clearance joints, Nonlinear Dyn., 65, 383-398, (2011) · Zbl 1170.70311 · doi:10.1007/s11071-010-9899-8
[27] Galeani, S.; Menini, L.; Potini, A.; Tornambè, A., Trajectory tracking for a particle in elliptical billiards, Int. J. Control, 81, 189-213, (2008) · Zbl 1152.93381 · doi:10.1080/00207170701487789
[28] Glocker, C.: Set-Valued Force Laws. Lecture Notes in Applied Mechanics, vol. 1. Springer, Berlin (2001) · Zbl 0979.70001 · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-44479-4
[29] Glocker, C.; Haslinger, J. (ed.); Stavroulakis, G. (ed.), An introduction to impacts, No. 485, 45-102, (2006), New York · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-48243-8_2
[30] Guan, Y.; Li, M.; Lim, T.; Jr, W.S., Comparative analysis of actuator concepts for active gear pair vibration control, J. Sound Vib., 269, 273-294, (2004) · doi:10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00072-5
[31] Hiriat-Urruty, J.B., Lemaréchal, C.: Fundamentals of Convex Analysis. Grundlehren text Editions. Springer, Berlin (2000)
[32] Jang, G.; Jeong, S., Vibration analysis of a rotating system due to the effect of ball bearing waviness, J. Sound Vib., 269, 709-726, (2004) · doi:10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00127-5
[33] Koshy, C.; Flores, P.; Lankarani, H., Study of the effect of contact force model on the dynamic response of mechanical systems with dry clearance joints: computational and experimental approaches, Nonlinear Dyn., 73, 325-338, (2013) · doi:10.1007/s11071-013-0787-x
[34] Krinner, A.; Thümmel, T., Non-smooth behaviour of a linkage mechanism with revolute clearance joints, No. 17, 233-241, (2014)
[35] Lagerberg, A.; Egardt, B., Backlash estimation with application to automotive powertrains, IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., 15, 483-493, (2007) · doi:10.1109/TCST.2007.894643
[36] Lancaster, P., Tismenetsky, M.: The Theory of Matrices, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Orlando (1985) · Zbl 0558.15001
[37] Leine, R.I., van de Wouw, N.: Stability and Convergence of Mechanical Systems with Unilateral Constraints. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol. 36. Springer, Berlin (2008) · Zbl 1143.70001
[38] Mata-Jimenez, M.; Brogliato, B., Analysis of PD and nonlinear control of mechanical systems with dynamic backlash, J. Vib. Control, 9, 119-156, (2003) · Zbl 1065.70018 · doi:10.1177/1077546303009001744
[39] McClamroch, N.; Wang, D., Feedback stabilization and tracking of constrained robots, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 33, 419-426, (1988) · Zbl 0648.93045 · doi:10.1109/9.1220
[40] Menini, L.; Tornambé, A., Velocity observers for non-linear mechanical systems subject to non-smooth impacts, Automatica, 38, 2169-2175, (2002) · Zbl 1017.93070 · doi:10.1016/S0005-1098(02)00164-4
[41] Menini, L.; Tornambè, A., Control of (otherwise) uncontrollable linear mechanical systems through non-smooth impacts, Syst. Control Lett., 49, 311-322, (2003) · Zbl 1157.93390 · doi:10.1016/S0167-6911(03)00101-4
[42] Menini, L.; Possieri, C.; Tornambé, A., On the computation of the continuous-time reference trajectory for mechanical juggling systems, Osaka, Japan
[43] Morarescu, C.I.; Brogliato, B., Trajectory tracking control of multiconstraint complementarity Lagrangian systems, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 55, 1300-1313, (2010) · Zbl 1368.93253 · doi:10.1109/TAC.2010.2042231
[44] Moreau, J.J.; Moreau, J.J. (ed.); Panagiotopoulos, P. (ed.), Unilateral contact and dry friction in finite freedom dynamics, 1-82, (1988), New York · Zbl 0703.73070 · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-2624-0
[45] Müller, A., Internal preload control of redundantly actuated parallel manipulators-its application to backlash avoiding control, IEEE Trans. Robot., 21, 668-677, (2005) · doi:10.1109/TRO.2004.842341
[46] Nguyen, N., Brogliato, B.: Multiple Impacts in Dissipative Granular Chains. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol. 72. Springer, Berlin (2014)
[47] Nordin, M.; Gutman, P., Controlling mechanical systems with backlash—a survey, Automatica, 38, 1633-1649, (2002) · Zbl 1030.70013 · doi:10.1016/S0005-1098(02)00047-X
[48] Nordin, M.; Galic, J.; Gutman, P., New models for backlash and gear play, Int. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process., 11, 49-63, (1997) · Zbl 0875.93029 · doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1115(199702)11:1<49::AID-ACS394>3.0.CO;2-X
[49] Paden, B.; Panja, R., Globally asymptotically stable ‘PD+’ controller for robot manipulators, Int. J. Control, 47, 1697-1712, (1988) · Zbl 0649.93052 · doi:10.1080/00207178808906130
[50] Paoli, L.; Schatzman, M., Penalty approximation for dynamical systems submitted to multiple non-smooth constraints, Multibody Syst. Dyn., 8, 347-366, (2002) · Zbl 1314.70018 · doi:10.1023/A:1020977815807
[51] Pereira, C.; Ramalho, A.; Ambrosio, J., A critical overview of internal and external cylinder contact force models, Nonlinear Dyn., 63, 681-697, (2011) · doi:10.1007/s11071-010-9830-3
[52] Pfeiffer, F., Glocker, C.: Multibody Dynamics with Unilateral Contacts. Nonlinear Science. Wiley, New York (1996) · Zbl 0922.70001 · doi:10.1002/9783527618385
[53] Reyhanoglu, M.; Schaft, A.; McClamroch, N.; Kolmanovsky, I., Dynamics and control of a class of underactuated mechanical systems, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 44, 1663-1671, (1999) · Zbl 0958.93078 · doi:10.1109/9.788533
[54] Saperstone, S.; Yorke, J., Controllability of linear oscillatory systems using positive controls, SIAM J. Control, 9, 253-262, (1971) · Zbl 0215.30202 · doi:10.1137/0309019
[55] Spong, M.W.; Kelly, R.; Ortega, R., Comments on “adaptive manipulator control: a case study”, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 35, 761-762, (1990) · Zbl 0800.93654 · doi:10.1109/9.53565
[56] Tanwani, A.; Brogliato, B.; Prieur, C., Observer design for unilaterally constrained Lagrangian systems: a passivity-based approach, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 61, 2386-2401, (2016) · Zbl 1359.93073 · doi:10.1109/TAC.2015.2492098
[57] Thuemmel, T.; Rossner, M., Introduction to modelling and parameter identification methodology of linkages by measurements and simulation, Guanajuato, Mexico, 19-25 June
[58] Thümmel, T.; Ginzinger, L., Measurements and simulations of a Crank and rocker mechanism including friction, clearance and impacts, Liberec, Czech Republic, August 31-September 02
[59] Wouw, N.; Leine, R.I., Attractivity of equilibrium sets of systems with dry friction, Nonlinear Dyn., 35, 19-39, (2008) · Zbl 1041.70015 · doi:10.1023/B:NODY.0000017482.61599.86
[60] Varedi, S.; Daniali, H.; Dardel, M.; Fathi, A., Optimal dynamic design of a planar slider-Crank mechanism with a joint clearance, Mech. Mach. Theory, 86, 191-200, (2015) · doi:10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2014.12.008
[61] Xiao, H.; Shao, Y.; Brennan, M., On the contact stiffness and nonlinear vibration of an elastic body with a rough surface in contact with a rigid surface, Eur. J. Mech. A, Solids, 49, 315-328, (2015) · doi:10.1016/j.euromechsol.2014.08.005
[62] Yan, S.; Xiang, W.; Zhang, L., A comprehensive model for 3D revolute joints with clearances in mechanical systems, Nonlinear Dyn., 80, 309-328, (2015) · doi:10.1007/s11071-014-1870-7
[63] Zavala-Rio, A.; Brogliato, B., On the control of a one degree-of-freedom juggling robot, Dyn. Control, 9, 67-90, (1999) · Zbl 0922.93029 · doi:10.1023/A:1008346825330
[64] Zavala-Rio, A.; Brogliato, B., Direct adaptive control design for one-degree-of-freedom complementary-slackness jugglers, Automatica, 37, 1117-1123, (2001) · Zbl 1012.93045 · doi:10.1016/S0005-1098(01)00061-9
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.