Appendix:Proto-Bahnaric reconstructions
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This list of Proto-Bahnaric reconstructions is from Sidwell (2011).[1]
List
[edit]| No. | English gloss | Proto-Bahnaric |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | unripe, tender (leaves, green vegetable) | *(k)cɛʔ |
| 2 | unripe, tender (leaves, green vegetable) | *(k)cɛʔ |
| 3 | back, behind | *(k)rɔŋ |
| 4 | round | *(t)wil |
| 5 | round | *(t)wil |
| 6 | round | *(t)wil |
| 7 | betel | *b(ə)luː |
| 8 | we two | *baː |
| 9 | rice unhusked, paddy | *ɓaː |
| 10 | father | *baːp |
| 11 | two | *ɓaːr |
| 12 | two | *ɓaːr |
| 13 | two | *ɓaːr |
| 14 | father | *baːʔ |
| 15 | to wear, carry hanging | *ɓak |
| 16 | others, each other | *bal |
| 17 | tame | *ɓas |
| 18 | to remember | *bat |
| 19 | grass | *ɓat |
| 20 | to carry on back | *ɓaʔ |
| 21 | white | *ɓɔːk ~ *bɔːk |
| 22 | to clench, make fist | *ɓɔːt |
| 23 | snail | *bcaw |
| 24 | salt | *ɓɔh |
| 25 | to hoe, peck at | *bɔk |
| 26 | we (inclusive) | *bə(ː)n |
| 27 | goat | *-bɛː |
| 28 | to wrap, tie around | *ɓeː₁r ~ *beː₁r |
| 29 | to plant | *beː₂t |
| 30 | to stab | *ɓeː₂t |
| 31 | mat | *beː₄l |
| 32 | full, filled | *ɓeː₄ɲ |
| 33 | lip, mouth | *ɓər |
| 34 | snake | *ɓəs |
| 35 | to whip | *-bət |
| 36 | to dam | *bət |
| 37 | to prepare | *-ɓəʔ ~ *bəʔ |
| 38 | blood | *bhaːm |
| 39 | full (from eating) | *bhiʔ |
| 40 | spoiled (of food) | *bhuːŋ |
| 41 | to sleep, lie down | *ɓic |
| 42 | to arrive | *bɨh |
| 43 | to tie, tie up | *bɨk |
| 44 | to forget | *bil |
| 45 | to touch | *ɓiʔ |
| 46 | kapok, dadap tree | *ɓlaːŋ |
| 47 | thing, piece | *blah |
| 48 | thing, piece | *blah |
| 49 | thing, piece | *blah |
| 50 | lemongrass, citronella | *blaŋ |
| 51 | tusk, ivory | *blɔːk |
| 52 | eggplant | *blɨn |
| 53 | thigh | *bluː |
| 54 | to appear through | *bluh |
| 55 | mountain | *bnɨm |
| 56 | anteater, monitor | *bɲuəl |
| 57 | human, person | *bŋaːj |
| 58 | foam, bubbles | *ɓoh |
| 59 | head | *ɓok |
| 60 | to fall over, stumble | *boŋ |
| 61 | machete, bush-knife | *braː |
| 62 | thread | *braːj |
| 63 | peacock | *braːk |
| 64 | to spread apart | *braːŋ |
| 65 | sand | *braːs |
| 66 | coconut | *braːw |
| 67 | soot, black | *braŋ |
| 68 | to cry out | *ɓraw |
| 69 | to harvest | *brɔːc |
| 70 | forest | *briː |
| 71 | red | *ɓroːŋ |
| 72 | to go, return | *brok |
| 73 | who, someone | *buː |
| 74 | ashes, dust | *buːh |
| 75 | to roll, coil | *ɓuːl ~ *buːl |
| 76 | tuber | *ɓuːm |
| 77 | hilltop | *ɓuəj |
| 78 | monitor lizard | *ɓuəl ~ *buəl |
| 79 | mouth, speech | *buər |
| 80 | to roast | *ɓuh |
| 81 | decayed, rotten | *ɓuk ~ *buk |
| 82 | drunk | *ɓul |
| 83 | to hold in mouth | *ɓum |
| 84 | to suckle | *-buʔ |
| 85 | to separate | *c(n)lah |
| 86 | to eat | *caː |
| 87 | wild cat | *caːr |
| 88 | comb | *caːs |
| 89 | flame; to burn | *caːw |
| 90 | body | *cak |
| 91 | knife, sword | *caŋ |
| 92 | to insert, pierce | *cat |
| 93 | to swoop | *cat |
| 94 | grandchild | *caw |
| 95 | dog | *cɔː |
| 96 | to plant, dibble | *cɔːj |
| 97 | to look with a light | *cɔːl |
| 98 | to pierce | *cɔːt |
| 99 | to take | *cɔk |
| 100 | handspan | *cɗaː |
| 101 | bird | *ceː₂m |
| 102 | cooked | *ceː₂n |
| 103 | to die, be dead | *ceː₃t |
| 104 | to go | *ceː₃w |
| 105 | dirty | *cək |
| 106 | to probe into something soft | *cəluəc |
| 107 | to sneeze | *-cəs |
| 108 | louse | *ciː |
| 109 | to dig | *ciːr |
| 110 | to feed | *ciəm |
| 111 | to return (home) | *cɨʔ |
| 112 | bear | *ckaw ~ *gaw |
| 113 | leg (bone?) | *ckɔːŋ |
| 114 | mousedeer | *ckuəj |
| 115 | flea | *cmaː |
| 116 | pedestal food tray | *cmaːŋ |
| 117 | python | *cmuːj |
| 118 | food | *cnaː |
| 119 | year | *cnam |
| 120 | tooth, fang | *cnaɲ |
| 121 | portion, part of | *cnɛːk |
| 122 | name | *cnəʔ |
| 123 | far | *cŋaːj |
| 124 | to light, ignite, burn | *coh |
| 125 | to eat (rice, meal) | *coŋ |
| 126 | to splash, scatter | *craːc |
| 127 | to sow, sprinkle | *craːj |
| 128 | to throw spear | *craːŋ |
| 129 | body louse | *crɔk |
| 130 | early | *crɔʔ |
| 131 | axe | *cuːŋ |
| 132 | to cook, steam | *cuŋ |
| 133 | pig | *cur |
| 134 | to put, to place | *cuʔ |
| 135 | to mend, prepare | *d(n)ɔʔ |
| 136 | water | *ɗaːk |
| 137 | to crack, parted | *daːŋ |
| 138 | only, truly, nearly | *ɗac |
| 139 | to sprout | *ɗah |
| 140 | to trap | *ɗak |
| 141 | young male, bachelor | *dam |
| 142 | stiff | *daŋ |
| 143 | to seek, hunt | *daŋ |
| 144 | to seek, hunt | *daŋ |
| 145 | to circle | *dar |
| 146 | to break, snap | *das |
| 147 | to kick | *-das |
| 148 | at (locative) | *ɗaʔ ~ *daʔ |
| 149 | armpit | *dɔː ~ *ɗɔː |
| 150 | to hide (something) | *-ɗɔːk |
| 151 | incisor, front tooth | *ɗɔːl |
| 152 | coffin, trough | *-dɔːŋ ~ *ɗɔːŋ |
| 153 | hill | *dɔːr |
| 154 | curled up (of leaves by heat) | *ɗəːr ~ *dəːr |
| 155 | to wobble | *ɗəːt ~ *dəːt |
| 156 | bran | *ɗək |
| 157 | to hiccup | *-ɗək |
| 158 | to run, chase away | *dəw |
| 159 | to run, chase away | *dəw |
| 160 | small, little | *deʔ |
| 161 | small | *-dɛʔ |
| 162 | other, another | *ɗeʔ |
| 163 | slave, servant | *ɗɨc |
| 164 | squash, gourd | *ɗiən |
| 165 | to avoid, detour | *ɗiər |
| 166 | alone, myself | *ɗih |
| 167 | to ascend; stand up | *dɨk |
| 168 | to ascend; stand up | *dɨk |
| 169 | stomach (organ) | *-dɨl |
| 170 | pipe of bamboo | *diŋ |
| 171 | to cover, close | *ɗɨp |
| 172 | finished, all gone | *ɗiʔ |
| 173 | fishnet | *ɗnak |
| 174 | to gather, pick up | *doːɲ |
| 175 | winnowing basket | *-ɗoːŋ |
| 176 | monkey | *ɗok |
| 177 | yellow | *dreː₂ŋ |
| 178 | to close (lid) | *-drɨp |
| 179 | to pull | *du(ː)j |
| 180 | ripe, red | *ɗu(ː)m |
| 181 | ripe, red | *ɗu(ː)m |
| 182 | boat | *duːk |
| 183 | long time | *ɗuːɲ |
| 184 | blistered | *-duːr |
| 185 | eel | *-duŋ |
| 186 | to pull | *duŋ |
| 187 | to wait | *gan |
| 188 | enough, sufficient | *gap |
| 189 | seed | *gar |
| 190 | lasso | *gɔːc |
| 191 | hump on back | *gɔːl |
| 192 | to knock | *gɔʔ |
| 193 | to sqeeze, grip | *gɛ(ɛ)p |
| 194 | cave | *gəːp |
| 195 | to fall over, lean over | *-gəːs |
| 196 | to have | *gɛh |
| 197 | to cook, boil | *gəm |
| 198 | post for sacrifice | *gəŋ |
| 199 | to bend and break | *gəs |
| 200 | to cut, harvest | *gət |
| 201 | mountain | *gəw |
| 202 | to spit out | *ghaːk |
| 203 | head | *gɨl |
| 204 | to fold, bent | *gɨt |
| 205 | friend | *gjiəŋ ~ *ɟiəŋ |
| 206 | thunderbolt; to strike (lightning) | *glaːs ~ *klaːs |
| 207 | cooking pot | *glah |
| 208 | bamboo thornless | *glaj |
| 209 | bamboo variety | *glaj |
| 210 | to drown | *glək |
| 211 | blind | *gloŋ ~ *khloŋ |
| 212 | groin, glands | *gnɔːl |
| 213 | to help, rely on | *gnəːm |
| 214 | fang, canine tooth | *gniəŋ |
| 215 | thunder | *grɨm ~ *krɨm |
| 216 | ladder, stair | *guːŋ |
| 217 | to winnow | *-gum |
| 218 | forested land | *guŋ |
| 219 | to shake | *guʔ |
| 220 | dissolve, crushed | *ha(ː)c |
| 221 | spicy, peppery | *ha(ː)r |
| 222 | to open (mouth) | *haː |
| 223 | to salivate | *haːj |
| 224 | to vomit | *haːk |
| 225 | to split | *-haːk |
| 226 | sharp edged | *haːn |
| 227 | to yawn | *haːp |
| 228 | to climb | *haːw |
| 229 | we (inclusive) | *haj |
| 230 | spicy, peppery | *haŋ |
| 231 | narrow, crowded | *hat |
| 232 | to flow | *hɔːc |
| 233 | to grow | *hɔːn |
| 234 | to flow | *hɔːr |
| 235 | to drag, pull | *hɔːr |
| 236 | to pull | *hɔːt |
| 237 | to sniff | *heː₄p |
| 238 | unhusked grains | *həw |
| 239 | smooth, bare | *hiːl |
| 240 | to tear, rip | *hiək |
| 241 | to cut, slice | *hiət |
| 242 | to inhale | *hɨt |
| 243 | sagging | *hjaːr |
| 244 | light weight | *-hjəːl |
| 245 | to forget | *hjəːt |
| 246 | to come off; lay (egg) | *hlɛh |
| 247 | bark (of tree) | *hmɔːk |
| 248 | house | *hɲɨː |
| 249 | youngest, latest | *hnrɔːc ~ *hnruːc |
| 250 | first, in front | *hnrɔːj |
| 251 | drizzle, rainy | *hŋa(ː)c |
| 252 | to sip, drink | *hoːc |
| 253 | to bathe | *hoːm |
| 254 | to breathe deeply | *-hoːs |
| 255 | maggot | *hraː₁j |
| 256 | to wash (hands, things) | *hraːw |
| 257 | rattan | *hrɛː |
| 258 | hundred | *hriəŋ |
| 259 | to sip, drink | *hu(ː)c |
| 260 | all gone, no more, end | *huːc |
| 261 | to bathe | *huːm |
| 262 | to whistle | *huəc |
| 263 | ape | *hwaː |
| 264 | to throw, toss | *hwəŋ |
| 265 | boar, wild pig | *ɟ(r)kɛː |
| 266 | to stretch, spread out | *-ja(ː)r |
| 267 | thatch grass | *-jaː |
| 268 | to expand, bloat | *-jaːŋ |
| 269 | to untie, spread apart | *jaːs |
| 270 | to fine, divide property | *ɟac |
| 271 | to chew | *ɟah |
| 272 | be able | *ɟah |
| 273 | to step, tread | *ɟak |
| 274 | foolish, careless | *ɟam |
| 275 | resin, sap | *ɟar |
| 276 | grandmother | *jaʔ |
| 277 | to stand | *-jɔːŋ |
| 278 | horsefly | *ɟɔːp |
| 279 | straight | *-jɔh |
| 280 | to peck, stab | *ɟɔh |
| 281 | to take | *-jɔk |
| 282 | to become | *ɟeː₁ŋ |
| 283 | light weight | *-ɟəːc |
| 284 | to carry by a strap | *-jɛːŋ |
| 285 | foot, leg | *ɟəːŋ |
| 286 | above, over | *-jəl |
| 287 | long (length) | *ɟəro(ː)ŋ |
| 288 | to breathe | *ɟhəːm |
| 289 | to lift, raise | *-jɨːk |
| 290 | to hoe, cultivate | *ɟiːk |
| 291 | to warm oneself at fire | *-ɟɨːr ~ *-ɟaːr |
| 292 | barking deer | *ɟil |
| 293 | to butt, gore | *ɟɨl |
| 294 | to sew | *ɟiɲ |
| 295 | foot, leg | *ɟɨŋ |
| 296 | shade | *jɨp |
| 297 | ten | *ɟɨt |
| 298 | ache, painful, illness | *ɟiʔ |
| 299 | basket (back-) | *ɟkaʔ |
| 300 | porcupine | *ɟmaː |
| 301 | ribs | *ɟmiːr |
| 302 | to plant, dibble | *ɟmuːl |
| 303 | hoe, sickle | *ɟniːk |
| 304 | mistaken, foolish | *joːc |
| 305 | to siphon, pour | *ɟoːr |
| 306 | to sprinkle (water) | *ɟraːs |
| 307 | post, pillar | *ɟraŋ |
| 308 | to accuse | *ɟraʔ |
| 309 | banyan | *ɟriː |
| 310 | thorn | *ɟrlaː |
| 311 | deep | *ɟruʔ |
| 312 | to bring, accompany | *ɟu(ː)n |
| 313 | steam, mist | *juːh |
| 314 | to peck, stab | *ɟuːh |
| 315 | wet | *-ɟuːh ~ *cuːh |
| 316 | to stand up | *-juːŋ |
| 317 | long, oblong | *-ɟuːŋ |
| 318 | to wipe away | *ɟuːt |
| 319 | sour | *ɟuːʔ |
| 320 | deer (large) | *ɟuəj |
| 321 | to descend, go down | *ɟur |
| 322 | peak, summit | *jVk |
| 323 | to roll up | *k(ə)weŋ |
| 324 | snail | *k(h)lɔː |
| 325 | snail | *k(h)lɔːŋ |
| 326 | to blow (instrument) | *k(h)loːm |
| 327 | lightning | *k(m)laːt |
| 328 | lightning | *k(m)laːt |
| 329 | termite | *k(n)tiər |
| 330 | bamboo medium sized variety | *k(r)laː |
| 331 | fish | *kaː |
| 332 | to chew cud | *-kaːj |
| 333 | watermelon | *-kaːj |
| 334 | jaw, chin | *kaːŋ |
| 335 | cross (beam) | *-kaːŋ |
| 336 | to scrape, cut out | *kaːw |
| 337 | to pick, pinch | *kac |
| 338 | to wake | *kah |
| 339 | to fell (tree) | *kal |
| 340 | muddy, murky | *kal |
| 341 | arrow | *kam |
| 342 | female | *kan |
| 343 | to bite | *kap |
| 344 | to cut, chop | *kat |
| 345 | to bite, chew | *kaʔ |
| 346 | to blink | *kbras |
| 347 | pigeon (greyhaired imperial) | *kɓuəl |
| 348 | to meet, assemble | *kɔ(ɔ)m |
| 349 | white (of hair), gray | *kɔː |
| 350 | to carry on shoulders or on head | *kɔːj |
| 351 | egret, heron | *kɔːk |
| 352 | child | *kɔːn |
| 353 | bracelet | *kɔːŋ |
| 354 | stem, stalk | *kɔːŋ |
| 355 | stem, stalk | *kɔːŋ |
| 356 | land (opposed to water) | *kɔːŋ |
| 357 | turtle (land variety) | *kɔːp |
| 358 | to scrape, grate | *kɔːr |
| 359 | neck | *kɔːʔ |
| 360 | fishscales | *kcaːp |
| 361 | charcoal | *kcah |
| 362 | to kill | *kceː₃t |
| 363 | to pinch | *kcep |
| 364 | young, tender (leaves, green vegetable) | *kcɛʔ |
| 365 | to cut, chop (wood) | *kɔh |
| 366 | hilltop | *kɔh |
| 367 | forearm, elbow | *kɔŋ |
| 368 | to spit | *kcoh |
| 369 | to kick | *kdah |
| 370 | heel | *kɗəːl |
| 371 | short, low | *kɗɛh |
| 372 | onions | *kɗiəm ~ *diəm |
| 373 | middle, half way | *kɗiʔ |
| 374 | fistful, handful | *kɗoːp |
| 375 | edge | *keː₂ŋ |
| 376 | owner, master | *kəlaː |
| 377 | water trough | *kəlaːŋ |
| 378 | winged ant, termite | *kəlaːp |
| 379 | large | *kən |
| 380 | large | *kən |
| 381 | branch, twig | *-kəŋ |
| 382 | to tie up | *kət |
| 383 | to beckon, wave | *kəwəs |
| 384 | few, little | *keʔ |
| 385 | phlegm | *khaːk |
| 386 | moon, month | *khaj |
| 387 | to choke | *khɔːk |
| 388 | frog | *ki(ː)t |
| 389 | to gnaw on | *kiəl |
| 390 | elbow | *kiəŋ |
| 391 | waist | *-kiəŋ |
| 392 | itch, itchy; scabies | *kiət |
| 393 | ginger | *kjaː₁ |
| 394 | wind, air | *kjaː₁l |
| 395 | ghost of dead | *kjaːk |
| 396 | solid, firm | *kɟap |
| 397 | centipede | *kɟeː₃p |
| 398 | heavy | *kɟɨk |
| 399 | hoof | *kɟoːp |
| 400 | tiger | *klaː₁ |
| 401 | intestines, belly | *klaːk |
| 402 | leech, tapeworm | *klaːn |
| 403 | hawk | *klaːŋ |
| 404 | finished | *klaːs |
| 405 | penis, testes | *klaːw |
| 406 | python | *klan |
| 407 | seed | *klɔːŋ |
| 408 | navel | *klɔk |
| 409 | deep pool | *klɔŋ |
| 410 | liver | *kləːm |
| 411 | to fall, drop into | *kleh |
| 412 | heavy | *kləŋ |
| 413 | lid, cover | *kləp ~ *klap |
| 414 | male, husband | *kləw |
| 415 | forehead | *kliəŋ |
| 416 | to set (of sun) | *kliəp |
| 417 | deaf | *klɨk |
| 418 | middle, in the middle | *kluːŋ |
| 419 | shy, embarrassed | *kmaːl |
| 420 | nephew, niece | *kmɔːn |
| 421 | weevil | *kmɔːt |
| 422 | dumb, mute | *kmlɔː |
| 423 | dirty | *kmoːʔ |
| 424 | rat, mouse | *knɛː |
| 425 | to startle, frighten | *knrat |
| 426 | veranda | *knri(ː)ŋ |
| 427 | to live, to stay | *koː |
| 428 | male (relative) | *koːɲ |
| 429 | to whittle, shave | *koːs |
| 430 | to whittle, shave | *koːs |
| 431 | lump (classifier) | *koʔ |
| 432 | palm, sole | *kpaːŋ |
| 433 | cotton plant | *kpaːs |
| 434 | buffalo | *kpɨw |
| 435 | stuck together | *kra(ː)p |
| 436 | squirrel, chipmunk | *kraːs |
| 437 | to sink | *kram |
| 438 | to poison (fish with plant) | *kraw |
| 439 | old (of persons) | *kraʔ |
| 440 | to scratch itch | *krɔːc |
| 441 | to imprison | *krɔːn ~ *grɔːn |
| 442 | river | *krɔːŋ |
| 443 | to cage, imprison | *krɔːŋ |
| 444 | honeybee | *krɔːt |
| 445 | different | *krəj |
| 446 | crowded | *krəm |
| 447 | hornbill | *kriːŋ |
| 448 | stunted, dwarfed | *kriəl |
| 449 | to castrate | *kriəw |
| 450 | below, underneath | *kroːm |
| 451 | citrus fruit | *kruːc |
| 452 | citrus fruit | *kruəc |
| 453 | knee | *kruŋ ~ *krəŋ |
| 454 | nail, claw | *krʔniəh |
| 455 | to scoop, bail | *ksaːc |
| 456 | to twist (strands), plait (rope) | *ksaɲ |
| 457 | quill | *ksɔːr |
| 458 | cord, string | *ksɛː |
| 459 | to squeeze out, press on | *ksVt |
| 460 | crab | *ktaːm |
| 461 | sugarcane | *ktaːw |
| 462 | to break (string etc.) | *ktac |
| 463 | egg | *ktap |
| 464 | pimple, mole | *ktɔːt |
| 465 | breast, chest | *ktəh |
| 466 | bone | *kʦɨːŋ |
| 467 | lizard monitor | *kʦuːm |
| 468 | to kneel | *kuːl |
| 469 | knee | *-kuːl |
| 470 | lizard, chameleon | *kuəj |
| 471 | to bark | *kuəl |
| 472 | to twist, tie a knot | *kuət |
| 473 | to sleep, lie down | *kuj |
| 474 | mouth, lips | *-kuŋ |
| 475 | to hold, grip firmly | *kwa(ː)n |
| 476 | to coil up, curl up | *kwaːl |
| 477 | to scrape | *kwaːs |
| 478 | ape, gibbon | *kwaɲ |
| 479 | male (animal) | *kwəŋ |
| 480 | centipede | *kʔeː₃p |
| 481 | below, underneath | *kʔnəm |
| 482 | to close (eyes) | *kʔniəp |
| 483 | neck, throat | *-l(n)ɔŋ |
| 484 | to spread out, unroll | *laːk |
| 485 | to sharpen (point) | *laːɲ |
| 486 | to slip | *-laːr |
| 487 | span, fathom | *(p)laːs |
| 488 | to spread flat | *laːt |
| 489 | to castrate | *lac |
| 490 | to come out, to leak | *lac |
| 491 | to expel, spit out | *laʔ |
| 492 | kapok, thorny tree | *lɔːk |
| 493 | sharp point | *lɔːɲ |
| 494 | to taste, test, try | *lɔːŋ |
| 495 | first, before | *-lɔːr |
| 496 | to slide along (as snake) | *-lɔːt |
| 497 | to go out, exit | *lɔh |
| 498 | firefly | *-lɔk |
| 499 | to insert, poke, pierce | *-lɔk |
| 500 | grasshopper | *-leː₂p |
| 501 | rice straw | *leː₃ŋ |
| 502 | to melt | *leː₄k |
| 503 | to let go, release, divorce | *ləːj |
| 504 | to peel, spread open | *ləːk |
| 505 | bell | *lɛːŋ |
| 506 | to pick, pluck | *lɛh |
| 507 | side (of thing, one of pair) | *lɛh |
| 508 | to fall, collapse | *-ləm |
| 509 | completed | *lɛʔ |
| 510 | to turn over | *-ləʔ |
| 511 | gums | *li(ː)n |
| 512 | leech (large water type) | *-liːw |
| 513 | to sink | *lɨc |
| 514 | good, virtuous, pretty, beautiful | *liəm |
| 515 | to lick | *liəp |
| 516 | to stick out | *liər ~ *lɛːr |
| 517 | to lick | *liət |
| 518 | to close, shut | *-lip |
| 519 | to flood, sink | *lɨp |
| 520 | to spring (trap) | *-lɨs ~ *ləs |
| 521 | sesame | *lŋaː |
| 522 | end, last | *loːc |
| 523 | to untie, take off | *loh |
| 524 | to pluck feathers | *los |
| 525 | tongue | *lpiət |
| 526 | to believe | *lu(ː)j |
| 527 | buttocks | *-luːt |
| 528 | end, last | *luc |
| 529 | to swallow | *luən |
| 530 | to appear, return | *luh |
| 531 | hole (perforation) | *-luh |
| 532 | hole (in ground), well | *-luŋ |
| 533 | aunt (younger) | *maː |
| 534 | daughter-in-law, sister-in-law | *maːj |
| 535 | iron metal | *maːm |
| 536 | to shape, mold (clay) | *maːn |
| 537 | you | *maj |
| 540 | eye | *mat |
| 541 | to eat rice with fingers | *-mɔːk |
| 542 | mosquito | *mɔːs |
| 543 | new, recent | *-mɛː |
| 544 | to have strong feeling | *məː₁t |
| 545 | mother | *meː₁ʔ |
| 546 | sibling-in-law | *miː |
| 547 | swidden field | *mɨːr |
| 548 | cat | *miəw |
| 549 | aunt (older) | *mih |
| 550 | gall, bile | *-mɨt |
| 551 | fruit fly | *moːj |
| 552 | trunk of elephant | *-moːj |
| 553 | pimple | *mon |
| 554 | corner | *muːm |
| 555 | pimple | *muːn |
| 556 | one | *muəj |
| 557 | nose | *muh |
| 558 | to slash (grass, weeds, forest) | *mus |
| 559 | to enter | *mut |
| 560 | termite, cockroach | *-naːp |
| 561 | middle, between two sides | *-nɓaːr |
| 562 | heart | *nɔːs ~ *nuːs |
| 563 | to speak | *-nɔh |
| 564 | this, here | *nɛː |
| 565 | to teach, show | *-nɛː |
| 566 | uncle | *ɲəː |
| 567 | to drink (wine etc.) | *ɲeː₁t |
| 568 | basket fish trap | *neː₂r |
| 569 | finished, prior time | *neh |
| 570 | to weep, cry | *ɲəm |
| 571 | grass | *-ɲət |
| 572 | little, few | *neʔ |
| 573 | this, here | *nɛʔ |
| 574 | he, it, this | *niː |
| 575 | to weep, cry | *ɲɨːm |
| 576 | to feel ill | *-ɲɨːt |
| 577 | sunset | *ɲɨp |
| 578 | we two (exclusive) | *ɲoːn ~ *ɲəːn |
| 579 | sponge gourd | *noːŋ |
| 580 | roasting rack | *-nraː |
| 581 | caterpillar, worm | *-nroŋ |
| 582 | uncle | *ɲuː |
| 583 | baby, new born | *ŋaː |
| 584 | nape of neck | *ŋɔːk |
| 585 | brain | *-ŋɔːk |
| 586 | dew, mist | *ŋɔːm |
| 587 | to bend head up | *ŋəːk |
| 588 | ignorant, stupid | *-ŋəl |
| 589 | extinguished | *ŋət |
| 590 | forehead; front | *ŋɨːr |
| 591 | cold | *ŋiːt |
| 592 | cold, cool | *ŋɨːt |
| 593 | to rest, support | *ŋol |
| 594 | to yawn | *ŋʔaːp |
| 595 | fat, grease | *p(n)riːŋ |
| 596 | to cook (rice) | *paːj |
| 597 | to divide, share | *paːk |
| 598 | fishtrap (cylindrical) | *paːm |
| 599 | sharp, steep | *paːt |
| 600 | to cut, pierce | *pac |
| 601 | to slap | *pah |
| 602 | split, crack | *pah |
| 603 | to break off, snap | *pak |
| 604 | to shoot | *paɲ |
| 605 | above, over | *paŋ |
| 606 | to fly | *par |
| 607 | to squeeze, ring | *pat |
| 608 | to put out (fire) (intr.) | *pat |
| 609 | to put out (fire) (tr.) | *pat |
| 610 | to put out (fire) (tr.) | *pat |
| 611 | not, don't | *paʔ |
| 612 | loins, meat along spine | *-pɔːk |
| 613 | to divine | *pɔːl |
| 614 | fist with spread thumb | *-pɔːl |
| 615 | round (as ball) | *pɔːm |
| 616 | cooked rice, gruel | *pɔːr |
| 617 | to open | *pɔh |
| 618 | five | *pɗam |
| 619 | to predict, guess, foretell | *pɗaʔ |
| 620 | to burst, explode | *pɗoh |
| 621 | blistered | *pduŋ |
| 622 | three | *pɛː |
| 623 | width of three fingers | *pɛː |
| 624 | to open | *pəːk |
| 625 | to work, cook | *pəːm |
| 626 | pigeon | *pəːs |
| 627 | to sweep | *pəːs |
| 628 | to pound (rice) | *pɛh |
| 629 | spirit, soul | *pəhɔːl |
| 630 | to fan | *pəj |
| 631 | to stab | *pək |
| 632 | bamboo small variety | *pəlaj |
| 633 | to turn around | *pələʔ |
| 634 | bulbul | *pəliəw |
| 635 | to hit | *pəm |
| 636 | to wrap, bandage | *pən |
| 637 | to throw away, abandon | *pət |
| 638 | to whisper | *phaːc |
| 639 | to roast over fire | *phaːŋ |
| 640 | otter | *phaj |
| 641 | husked rice | *phɛː |
| 642 | to fart | *phoːm |
| 643 | insect | *piː |
| 644 | to wash clothes, launder | *piːh |
| 645 | to fight over | *-piːt |
| 646 | to crowd | *piət |
| 647 | tooth | *pɨŋ ~ *pəŋ |
| 648 | ear | *pɨt |
| 649 | flower | *pkaːw |
| 650 | blade | *plaː |
| 651 | flame | *plaː |
| 652 | cockroach | *-plaːk |
| 653 | to split, crack | *plah |
| 654 | fruit | *plaj |
| 655 | sky, weather | *pleː₃ŋ |
| 656 | to open the eyes | *pleː₄k ~ *bleː₄k |
| 657 | leech (land type) | *pləːm |
| 658 | to peel, take off | *plo(ː)k |
| 659 | to take off, pull off | *ploh ~ *bloh |
| 660 | gourd (bottle-) | *pluːj |
| 661 | tadpole | *plun |
| 662 | boat, canoe | *pluŋ |
| 663 | crossbow | *pnaɲ |
| 664 | wing | *pnar |
| 665 | broom | *pnoːs |
| 666 | hungry | *pŋɔːt |
| 667 | to cuddle, hug | *poːk |
| 668 | to sweep | *poːs |
| 669 | to chop with hoe or spade | *pok |
| 670 | poison, venom | *praj |
| 671 | to wake, awaken | *praj |
| 672 | bait | *pran |
| 673 | dry weather | *praŋ |
| 674 | to run, flee | *praŋ |
| 675 | eggplant (solanum torvum, Turkey Berry) | *prɔː |
| 676 | squirrel | *prɔːk |
| 677 | to wag (tail), swing (arm) | *prɛh ~ *preh |
| 678 | banana | *prɨːt |
| 679 | hail, ice | *priəl |
| 680 | back basket | *proːŋ |
| 681 | cook (rice) in bamboo tube | *pruːŋ |
| 682 | mushroom | *pseː₁t |
| 683 | to plant | *ptam |
| 684 | boil (sore) | *ptoːc |
| 685 | to burst, explode | *ptoh |
| 686 | anthill | *pʦul |
| 687 | melon, squash | *puəl |
| 688 | four | *puən |
| 689 | four | *puən |
| 690 | four | *puən |
| 691 | calf, foreleg | *puəs |
| 692 | to cut (in half) | *puət |
| 693 | to cut (in half) | *puət |
| 694 | to carry | *puʔ |
| 695 | bamboo large variety | *pʔɔː |
| 696 | brightly colorful | *-raːk |
| 697 | flower | *raːŋ |
| 698 | to call; cry (of person or animal) | *-raːw |
| 699 | sparrow | *rac |
| 700 | to decay, diminish | *ram |
| 701 | dry | *raɲ |
| 702 | arrow | *raŋ |
| 703 | dry, hard | *-raŋ |
| 704 | dry, hard | *-raŋ |
| 705 | to catch, seize | *rap |
| 706 | to prepare | *-rap |
| 707 | to call | *-raw |
| 708 | dry, dried up | *rɔː |
| 709 | fly, housefly | *rɔːj |
| 710 | to lead | *-rɔːj |
| 711 | banana blossom | *rɔːk |
| 712 | to raise, watch over | *rɔːŋ |
| 713 | to drip | *-rɔh |
| 714 | toad | *-rɔk |
| 715 | bamboo variety | *rdɛː |
| 716 | to swim | *rɛː |
| 717 | to sharpen, whet | *-reː₁ŋ |
| 718 | rust | *-reː₃ŋ |
| 719 | to sow, sprinkle | *-rəːj |
| 720 | to tear, sever | *-rɛːk |
| 721 | to choose, select | *rəːs |
| 722 | to tear off, tear down | *-rɛh |
| 723 | to shake | *-rɛh |
| 724 | to meet, encounter | *-rəm |
| 725 | to hold, grasp | *rəŋ |
| 726 | to catch, seize | *rəp |
| 727 | skillful, clever | *rgəj ~ *rgaj |
| 728 | root | *riəh |
| 729 | to fry | *-riəŋ |
| 730 | to moan, make noise | *-rɨŋ |
| 731 | to catch, seize | *rɨp |
| 732 | to shake (something) | *-rɨs |
| 733 | rhinoceros | *rmaː₂s |
| 734 | cloud | *rməl |
| 735 | to sow; sprinkle (salt) | *-roːj |
| 736 | to shrink | *-roːt |
| 737 | to wash clothes, launder | *roh ~ *ruh |
| 738 | cow, ox | *-rok |
| 739 | to catch, seize | *rop |
| 740 | elephant | *ruəs |
| 741 | to buy | *ruət |
| 742 | to fall | *ruh |
| 743 | spinach | *rum |
| 744 | to push | *-rut |
| 745 | star | *s(n)lɔŋ |
| 746 | vein, tendon | *s(n)waːn |
| 747 | to seek, hunt | *s(n)waːŋ |
| 748 | to scoop, bail | *saːc |
| 749 | to fish with line | *-saːj |
| 750 | to tear | *saːk |
| 751 | flesh, meat | *sac |
| 752 | to see | *saw |
| 753 | to pound (remove husk) | *sɔːk |
| 754 | to divide, pay out | *sɔːŋ |
| 755 | sheath; body hair | *sɔːp |
| 756 | sheath; body hair | *sɔːp |
| 757 | empty, nothing | *sɔh |
| 758 | hair | *sɔk |
| 759 | to peel | *seːl |
| 760 | to recognise | *sgal |
| 761 | bridge, ladder | *sgəːŋ |
| 762 | drum | *sgɨr |
| 763 | to scratch, carve | *siːr |
| 764 | to string (flowers, beads) | *siər |
| 765 | crowd, flock, herd (classifier) | *sɨm |
| 766 | rough, course | *skaʔ |
| 767 | clear, transparent | *sla(ː)ŋ |
| 768 | leaf | *slaː |
| 769 | mosquito | *smac |
| 770 | star | *smaɲ |
| 771 | ant | *smoːc |
| 772 | hog plumb | *smuən |
| 773 | beak, mouth | *smuər |
| 774 | crossbow | *snaː |
| 775 | house (small) | *snaːm |
| 776 | gun | *snaːt |
| 777 | pinetree | *sŋɔː |
| 778 | to sting (insects) | *soːc |
| 779 | nest | *-soːm |
| 780 | lungs | *-soh |
| 781 | civet, mongoose | *spiːk |
| 782 | to comb | *sraːs |
| 783 | honeybee | *su(ː)t |
| 784 | to wipe away | *suːt |
| 785 | to tell | *-suər |
| 786 | to dry up, recede | *suət |
| 787 | to dance | *swaːŋ |
| 788 | earth, soil | *t(n)ɛh |
| 789 | eight | *t(n)haːn |
| 790 | six | *t(n)raw |
| 791 | spear | *taːk |
| 792 | yet; in time | *taːm |
| 793 | to weave (cloth, baskets) | *taːɲ |
| 794 | to stop (v. trans.) | *taːŋ |
| 795 | to slap | *taːp |
| 796 | to stand | *taːw |
| 797 | to sell, trade | *tac |
| 798 | to cut, dissect | *tah |
| 799 | to cut, dissect | *tah |
| 800 | to cut, dissect | *tah |
| 801 | from, since | *tam |
| 802 | thin (not thick) | *-taŋ |
| 803 | pipe (of bamboo) | *taŋ |
| 804 | to set up | *taŋ |
| 805 | to stab | *tap |
| 806 | loud noise | *tas |
| 807 | to hang, suspend | *tɓak ~ *cɓak |
| 808 | bamboo shoot | *tɓaŋ |
| 809 | sticky, glutinous | *tbar |
| 810 | coffin, trough | *tbɔːŋ |
| 811 | that, there | *tɔː |
| 812 | handle | *tɔːŋ |
| 813 | nine | *tceː₂n |
| 814 | to pull off, remove | *tɔh |
| 815 | to chop, cut fibers or string | *tɔh |
| 816 | bean | *tɔh |
| 817 | to pull out, raise | *tɔk |
| 818 | to go up, ascend | *tɔk |
| 819 | that, there | *tɔʔ |
| 820 | equal, fit | *-tɔʔ |
| 821 | vagina | *teː₂t |
| 822 | to answer | *təːl |
| 823 | comb of rooster | *-təːr |
| 824 | to strike | *tɛh |
| 825 | to break | *təklah |
| 826 | bamboo cord | *təlaːk |
| 827 | split, cracked | *təlah |
| 828 | to loosen, fall off | *təlɛh |
| 829 | woodpecker | *təlɛh |
| 830 | to hear | *-təŋ |
| 831 | to bury, set in ground | *təp ~ *tɨp |
| 832 | there upwards | *tiː |
| 833 | hand, arm | *tiː |
| 834 | seed (for planting) | *-tiːl |
| 835 | to dry something in sun or air | *tɨːŋ |
| 836 | tail | *tiəŋ |
| 837 | slippery | *-tiər |
| 838 | big, large | *tih |
| 839 | to close, cover | *-til |
| 840 | tick (parasite) | *tkaj |
| 841 | cold (feel cold) | *tkat |
| 842 | to look, watch | *tmaːŋ |
| 843 | visitor, stranger | *tmɔːj |
| 844 | rock, stone | *tməw |
| 845 | to hear, listen | *tmɨŋ |
| 846 | cheek | *tmoːk |
| 847 | to boil (water) | *tnam |
| 848 | waist, hips | *tnɔːj |
| 849 | male | *tnəw ~ *knəw |
| 850 | floor | *tniər |
| 851 | carrying pole (two person) | *tnuːŋ |
| 852 | day | *tŋaj |
| 853 | stump, stuble | *tŋɨl |
| 854 | to pick | *toːc |
| 855 | last; end | *-toːc |
| 856 | ear | *toːr |
| 857 | breast | *toh |
| 858 | chest | *toh |
| 859 | to pour | *toh |
| 860 | to steal | *toŋ |
| 861 | hot | *toʔ |
| 862 | turtle | *tpaː |
| 863 | turtle | *tpaː |
| 864 | turtle | *tpaː |
| 865 | mortar | *tpal |
| 866 | seven | *tpəh |
| 867 | cucumber | *tpoŋ |
| 868 | cucumber | *tpuːŋ |
| 869 | to plane, dress timber | *trah |
| 870 | to soak | *tram |
| 871 | to whittle | *trɔːc |
| 872 | hole (cavity) | *trɔːm ~ *troːm |
| 873 | road, path | *trɔːŋ |
| 874 | correct, good | *trɔʔ |
| 875 | mud, wallow | *trəp |
| 876 | to pour liquid into container | *triːŋ |
| 877 | tube, drinking straw | *triəŋ |
| 878 | lizard monitor | *trkɔːt |
| 879 | road, path | *truːŋ |
| 880 | to turn upside down, lie on stomach | *truːp |
| 881 | spring, well | *tuː |
| 882 | bean | *tuːh |
| 883 | to carry on shoulder pole by two people | *tuːŋ |
| 884 | to steal | *tuːŋ |
| 885 | shallow | *-tuəs |
| 886 | to insert, skewer | *tuət |
| 887 | to step, stride | *twaː₁k |
| 888 | molar tooth | *tʔaːm |
| 889 | legend | *tʔmɔːn |
| 890 | bitter | *-ʦaŋ |
| 891 | to see | *ʦaw |
| 892 | tree trunk, beginning | *ʦəːm |
| 893 | fern | *-ʦoːɲ |
| 894 | to smell, stink | *ʦoːr |
| 895 | to carry (on back or shoulder or shoulder-pole) | *ʦu(ː)j |
| 896 | cloud | *ʦuk |
| 897 | loud noise | *-waː |
| 898 | far | *waːc |
| 899 | to encircle | *waːŋ |
| 900 | pen, enclosure | *waːr |
| 901 | *-waːs | |
| 902 | to twist | *wac |
| 903 | bile of cattle | *wac |
| 904 | to twist with hands | *-wac |
| 905 | to wave (hnad, wing etc.) | *-wah |
| 906 | to turn | *-wal |
| 907 | to twist, wring | *-waɲ |
| 908 | to drill, bore | *-war |
| 909 | to measure | *was |
| 910 | to want | *waʔ |
| 911 | to stir | *waʔ |
| 912 | parrot | *weː₁k |
| 913 | to turn, wind about | *-wɛːŋ |
| 914 | to turn, turn aside | *wɛh |
| 915 | to forget, be lost | *wəl |
| 916 | circle | *-wɛl |
| 917 | to throw (spear etc.) | *-wər |
| 918 | encircle | *wiːt |
| 919 | to detour, avoid | *wiər |
| 920 | to squeeze, wring | *wiət |
| 921 | to return | *-wih |
| 922 | confused, gullible | *-wil |
| 923 | to spin, dizzy | *-wir |
| 924 | to stir | *wɨr |
| 925 | to carry on shoulder pole | *ʔ(n)raːk |
| 926 | excrement | *ʔa(ː)c |
| 927 | he, she, it | *ʔaːj |
| 928 | crow | *-ʔaːk |
| 929 | to give | *ʔaːn |
| 930 | saddle | *ʔaːn |
| 931 | to carry on back | *ʔaːɲ |
| 932 | bright (light) | *ʔaːŋ |
| 933 | to belch | *-ʔaːr |
| 934 | shirt | *ʔaːw |
| 935 | I, me | *ʔaj |
| 936 | you | *ʔaj |
| 937 | to hiccup, hiccough | *-ʔak |
| 938 | to give | *ʔam |
| 939 | I, me | *ʔaɲ |
| 940 | swollen | *ʔas |
| 941 | swollen | *ʔas |
| 942 | to trap | *-ʔɔː |
| 943 | worm | *ʔɔːk |
| 944 | to choke | *ʔɔːl |
| 945 | wasp | *ʔɔːŋ |
| 946 | to saw | *ʔɔːt |
| 947 | younger sibling | *ʔɔh |
| 948 | to cough | *-ʔɔk |
| 949 | son-in-law | *ʔɔŋ |
| 950 | to suckle | *ʔɔʔ |
| 951 | plural marker | *ʔə(ː)n |
| 952 | cold, damp | *-ʔəː₁t |
| 953 | they | *ʔəːn |
| 954 | to expose to heat | *ʔəːp |
| 955 | thick | *ʔəɓəl ~ *kɓəl |
| 956 | duck | *ʔədaː |
| 957 | skin, hide | *ʔəkaːr |
| 958 | wife | *ʔəkan |
| 959 | horn | *ʔəkɛː |
| 960 | to carry on shoulder-pole | *ʔənɔːŋ |
| 961 | to live; raw | *ʔərih |
| 962 | girl, young woman | *ʔəruh |
| 963 | horse | *ʔəsɛh |
| 964 | to stop doing | *ʔət |
| 965 | here, this | *ʔəw |
| 966 | to burp | *-ʔəʔ |
| 967 | excrement | *ʔɨc ~ *ʔəc |
| 968 | chicken | *ʔiər |
| 969 | you (singular) | *ʔih |
| 970 | tree base | *ʔɨk |
| 971 | I, me | *ʔɨɲ |
| 972 | to stoop, squat | *-ʔjəːl ~ *ɟəːl |
| 973 | to carry hanging (things) | *ʔjeŋ |
| 974 | we two (exclusive) | *ʔjɨː |
| 975 | afraid, scared | *ʔjoʔ |
| 976 | tree, wood | *ʔlɔːŋ |
| 977 | short, wide | *ʔlɛʔ |
| 978 | right | *ʔmaː |
| 979 | cotton plant, cotton fibre | *ʔmah |
| 980 | to hold in mouth | *ʔmɔm |
| 981 | rain | *ʔmɨː |
| 982 | to dream | *ʔmpəw |
| 983 | new | *ʔnaːw |
| 984 | to wash (hands, things) | *ʔɲaːw |
| 985 | portion, some | *-ʔnah |
| 986 | to brood | *-ʔnam |
| 987 | bitter | *ʔɲaŋ |
| 988 | day | *ʔnar |
| 989 | happy, clever | *ʔnaʔ |
| 990 | older sibling, son-in-law, brother-in-law | *ʔɲɨŋ |
| 991 | urine; urinate | *ʔnoːm |
| 992 | black | *ʔɲoːŋ |
| 993 | ancestral line, type | *ʔnrac |
| 994 | pestle | *ʔnraj |
| 995 | widow | *ʔnrɔː |
| 996 | hair bun | *ʔɲu(ː)m |
| 997 | smoke (n.) | *ʔɲuːj |
| 998 | sweet | *ʔŋaːm |
| 999 | outside | *ʔŋaːs |
| 1000 | rotten, stinking | *ʔoːm |
| 1001 | to love, pity | *ʔoc ~ *ʔɔc |
| 1002 | to sweat | *-ʔu(ː)h |
| 1003 | to winnow | *ʔuːm |
| 1004 | fire | *ʔuːs |
| 1005 | to roast, grill | *ʔuəl |
| 1006 | to blow, exhale | *ʔuh |
| 1007 | to pour out | *ʔuk |
| 1008 | to bathe | *ʔum |
| 1009 | fire | *ʔuɲ |
| 1010 | to suck, suckle | *ʔuʔ |
| 1011 | to live, reside, sit | *ʔwaj |
| 1614 | storehouse, granary | *trul |
| 1827 | turmeric | *rmit |
| 1828 | to cough | *-ciək |
| 1829 | night | *maŋ |
| 1830 | night | *-maŋ |
| 1831 | night | *-maŋ |
| 1914 | steam, mist | *cʔuh |
References
[edit]- ^ Sidwell, Paul. 2011. Proto Bahnaric. Unpublished manuscript. Mon-Khmer Languages Database.