2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections

2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections

← 2022 May 12, 2025 (2025-05-12) 2028 →

All 317 seats to the House of Representatives of the Philippines 159 seats needed for a majority

Congressional district elections

All 254 seats from congressional districts

Party Current seats Lakas 92 NUP 36 NPC 33 Nacionalista 32 PFP 10 Liberal 10 Others 40

Party-list election

All 63 seats under the party-list system

Party Current seats ACT-CIS 3 1-Rider 2 Tingog 2 4Ps 2 Ako Bikol 2 SAGIP 2 Others 48 Incumbent Speaker Martin Romualdez Lakas

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The 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections will be the 37th lower house elections in the Philippines, scheduled to be held on May 12, 2025, within the 2025 Philippine general election. All 317 seats in the House of Representatives will be contested in the election, including one seat for each of the 254 congressional districts in the country and 63 seats representing party-lists apportioned on a nationwide vote.

In the 2022 election, parties aligned with the UniTeam Alliance and eventual president Bongbong Marcos secured a supermajority of seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.^[1] Political observers noted that among those elected to the chamber, most came from "wealthy and influential families", which was associated with the vote-buying incidents observed in the election.^[2]

Upon the opening of the 19th Congress of the Philippines, Representative Martin Romualdez of Leyte's 1st district, a cousin of President Marcos, was elected as the speaker of the House of Representatives unopposed.^[3][4] Media outlets have noted that a number of positions in the house leadership were assigned to representatives related to the Marcos family, including senior deputy majority leader Sandro Marcos, the son of President Marcos, and chair of the accounts committee Yedda Marie Romualdez, the wife of Speaker Romualdez.^[5][6]

The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For this election, there are 317 seats in the House of Representatives; 254 of these are district representatives, and 63 are party-list representatives.^[7]

Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the first-past-the-post system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% election threshold, with a party winning not more than three seats.^[8] The party with the most votes usually wins three seats, then the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats. At this point, if all of the party-list seats are not filled up, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will win one seat each until all party-list seats are filled up.^[9] The electoral system, with the 2% threshold and the three-seat cap, encourage vote splitting; and encourage sectors to up separate party-lists for every sector so as not to waste their vote on just one party.^[10]

Political parties competing in the party-list election are barred from participating district elections, and vice versa, unless permitted by the Commission on Elections. Party-lists and political parties participating in the district elections may forge coalition deals with one another.

In the Philippines, Congress has the power to create new congressional districts. Congress can either redistrict the entire country within three years after each Philippine census, or create new districts from existing ones piecemeal, although Congress has never redistricted the entire country wholesale since the approval of the 1987 constitution. Congress usually creates a new district once a place reaches the minimum 250,000 population mandated by the constitution.^[11]

New districts can also be created by creating new provinces and cities; in this case, it also must be approved by the people in a plebiscite in the affected places.

These are the districts, not contested in 2022, created by the 18th Congress that were either signed by then-President Rodrigo Duterte or approved by lapse:

• Dividing Maguindanao to Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur:
  • The municipalities included in Maguindanao's 1st congressional district and Talitay (formerly Sultan Sumagka, part of the 2nd district) were included in the at-large district of the newly created province of Maguindanao del Norte.^[12]
  • The rest of the municipalities included in Maguindanao's 2nd congressional district was included in the at-large district of the newly created province of Maguindanao del Sur.^[12]
  • Enacted as Republic Act No. 11550^[13]
  • Took effect following the 2022 Maguindanao division plebiscite^[14]
• Reapportioning Agusan del Norte's 1st and 2nd districts:
  • Agusan del Norte's 2nd district and Las Nieves (part of the 1st district) were grouped into the recreated Agusan del Norte's at-large district.
  • Butuan (part of the 1st district) became its own congressional district
  • Enacted as Republic Act No. 11714.^[15]
• Dividing South Cotabato's 2nd district to 2 districts:
  • Koronadal and its bordering municipalities shall remain as South Cotabato's 2nd district, while the westernmost municipalities shall become the third district.
  • General Santos, the old 3rd district, became its own congressional district
  • Enacted as Republic Act No. 11804.^[16]

• Reapportioning Taguig/Pateros's 1st and 2nd districts, and Makati's 2nd congressional district
  • The three barangays remaining in Makati's jurisdiction after the Supreme Court awarded Taguig the 10 EMBO barangays after winning the Fort Bonifacio boundary dispute shall be retained as Makati's 2nd district.^[17]
  • The EMBO barangays now under the jurisdiction of Taguig were originally not allocated to any congressional district by the COMELEC.^[18]
  • The COMELEC later adopted a resolution by the Taguig City Council reapportioning the EMBO barangays to its 2 districts with Pateros, with the barangays solely bordering Pateros (Comembo, Pembo and Rizal) going to the 1st district, then the other seven barangays going to the 2nd district.^{[19] [20]}
• No redistricting laws were passed by the 19th Congress.

On June 21, 2024, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) confirmed that there will be 254 congressional districts to be contested in the election and 63 seats apportioned among the party-lists.^[7]

Category	Total
Congressional districts in the current Congress	253
New districts from redistricting laws from previous Congress	1
Congressional districts in the next Congress	254
Party-list seats for the next Congress	63
Total seats for the next Congress	317

In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to parliamentary groups elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a two-party system, there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is although the country is now in a multi-party system. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.

In the 19th Congress, the majority bloc is aligned with the administration of President Marcos.^[1]

Parties in the House of Representatives at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines

Party		2022 results		Seats before the election		Bloc membership		Political affiliation
		Votes	Seat(s) won	Seats	Change	Majority	Minority	2022		2025
	Lakas	9.39%	26 / 316	92 / 317	66	All	None		UniTeam		Bagong PIlipinas
	NUP	12.63%	33 / 316	36 / 317	3	Most	Some		n/a		Bagong PIlipinas
	Nacionalista	13.72%	36 / 316	32 / 317	4	Most	Some		n/a		Bagong PIlipinas
	NPC	11.70%	35 / 316	33 / 317	2	All	None		Reporma–NPC		Bagong PIlipinas
	PFP	0.95%	2 / 316	10 / 317	8	All	None		UniTeam		Bagong PIlipinas
	Liberal	3.78%	10 / 316	10 / 317		Most	Some		TRoPa	TBA
Others		32.08%	76 / 316	40 / 317	36	Most	Some	—
Local parties		11.31%	29 / 316	8 / 317	21	Most	Some	—
Independents		4.44%	6 / 316	1 / 317	2	All	None	—
Vacant		—		5 / 317	5	—
Total		100%	253 / 316	253 / 317

Party lists in the House of Representatives at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines

Party list		Seats before the election	Bloc membership
			Majority	Minority
	Party-list	60 / 317	Most	Some
	Makabayan	3 / 317	None	All
Total		63 / 317

Each representative is limited to three full consecutive terms in office, with voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term for which he was elected.

48 representatives have been elected three consecutive times in regular elections and are barred from seeking another term in 2025.

Party		Member	District
	1-Pacman	Mikee Romero	Party-list
	Abono	Robert Raymond Estrella	Party-list
	ACT Teachers	France Castro	Party-list
	ALONA	Anna Villaraza-Suarez	Party-list
	Bagong Henerasyon	Bernadette Herrera	Party-list
	Gabriela	Arlene Brosas	Party-list
	Kusug Tausug	Shernee Tan Tambut	Party-list
	Lakas	Joey Salceda	Albay–2nd
	Lakas	Geraldine Roman	Bataan–1st
	Lakas	Marlyn Alonte-Naguiat	Biñan at-large
	Lakas	Mohamad Khalid Dimaporo	Lanao del Norte–1st
	Lakas	Carmelo Lazatin II	Pampanga–1st
	Lakas	Aurelio Gonzales Jr.	Pampanga–3rd
	Lakas	Christopher de Venecia	Pangasinan–4th
	Lakas	Francisco Jose Matugas II	Surigao del Norte–1st
	Lakas	Manuel Jose Dalipe	Zamboanga City–2nd
	Lakas	Glona Labadlabad	Zamboanga del Norte–2nd
	Lakas	Divina Grace Yu	Zamboanga del Sur–1st
	Liberal	Edcel Lagman	Albay–1st
	Liberal	Gabriel Bordado	Camarines Sur–3rd
	Liberal	Emmanuel Billones	Capiz–1st
	Liberal	Jocelyn Sy-Limkaichong	Negros Oriental–1st
	Manila Teachers	Virgilio Lacson	Party-list
	Nacionalista	Marquez Go	Baguio at-large
	Nacionalista	Lianda Bolilia	Batangas–4th
	Nacionalista	Mario Vittorio Mariño	Batangas–5th
	Nacionalista	Raul Tupas	Iloilo–5th
	Nacionalista	Allen Jesse Mangaoang	Kalinga at-large
	Nacionalista	Ace Barbers	Surigao del Norte–2nd
	NPC	Carlito Marquez	Aklan–1st
	NPC	Greg Gasataya	Bacolod at-large
	NPC	Maria Theresa Collantes	Batangas–3rd
	NPC	Peter John Calderon	Cebu–7th
	NPC	Luis Campos Jr.	Makati–2nd
	NPC	Edward Maceda	Manila–4th
	NPC	Lord Allan Velasco	Marinduque at-large
	NPC	Chiquiting Sagarbarria	Negros Oriental–2nd
	NPC	Michael John Duavit	Rizal–1st
	NUP	Lorna Silverio	Bulacan–3rd
	NUP	Luis Raymund Villafuerte	Camarines Sur–2nd
	NUP	Juliet Ferrer	Negros Occidental–4th district
	NUP	Horacio Suansing Jr.	Sultan Kudarat–2nd
	NUP	Johnny Pimentel	Surigao del Sur–2nd
	PFP	Rosanna Vergara	Nueva Ecija–3rd
	PFP	Florida Robes	San Jose del Monte at-large
	PDP	Ruwel Peter Gonzaga	Davao de Oro–2nd
	PDP	Eric Martinez	Valenzuela–2nd
	Reporma	Pantaleon Alvarez	Davao del Norte–1st

These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less in the 2022 elections, in ascending order via margin:

District	2022 winner	2022 margin
Laguna's 4th	Jam Agarao	0.07%
Zamboanga del Norte's 1st	Pinpin Uy	0.33%
Zamboanga Sibugay's 2nd	Antonieta Eudela	0.82%
Quezon City's 4th	Marvin Rillo	1.18%
Manila's 5th	Irwin Tieng	1.98%
Negros Oriental's 3rd	Arnolfo Teves Jr.[a]	2.03%
Batangas's 2nd	Gerville Luistro	2.18%
Bulacan's 6th	Salvador Pleyto	2.26%
Tawi-Tawi's lone	Dimszar Sali	2.87%
Quezon City's 3rd	Franz Pumaren	3.27%
Calamba's lone	Cha Hernandez	3.38%
Camarines Norte's 1st	Josefina Tallado	3.38%
Agusan del Norte's 1st	Lawrence Fortun	3,91%
Iligan's lone	Celso Regencia	3.54%
Sorsogon's 2nd	Manuel Fortes Jr.	3.94%
Misamis Oriental's 2nd	Yevgeny Emano	4.02%
Cebu's 2nd	Edsel Galeos	4.33%
Cavite's 1st	Jolo Revilla	4.62%
Pangasinan's 2nd	Mark Cojuangco	4.98%

The following party-lists won less than 2% of the vote in 2022, and only won one seat each because all of party-list seats have not been filled up by the parties that did win at least 2% of the vote. These are sorted by number of votes in descending order.