Auckland
Auckland
Tāmaki Makaurau (b. Māori) | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Negara | Templat:Bendera |
| Pulau | Pulau Utara |
| Kawasan | Kawasan Auckland |
| Petempatan Māori | sekitar 1350 |
| Petempatan orang Eropah | 1840 |
| Government | |
| • Datuk bandar | Ramai |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 1,086 km2 (419 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 196 m (643 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Urban | Templat:NZ population data |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (NZST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+13 (NZDT) |
| Area code | 09 |
| Iwi tempatan | Ngāti Ākarana |
| Website | http://www.aucklandnz.com/ |
Auckland (boros Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) nopo nga kakadayan di bobos tagayo om bobos ogumu o mogiigion id New Zealand. Haro 1,241,800 o tulun i popohanggum do 31% ginumu mogiigion id pogun dii. orang yang merangkumi 31% jumlah penduduk negara itu.Templat:NZ population data
Kakadayan kosmopolitan diti nopo nga okon ko nopo iso kakadayan di kumolimo agayo id Oceania nga bobos ogumu nogi tulun Polinesia do hilo.[3]
Sajara'
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Noiyanan do pelayar Māori tuminimpuun do ontok pokiikiro 1350[4][5] miampai ngaran di tinahak nopo nga Tāmaki-makau-rau i kirati do "Tāmaki i uhangan do ginumuan" (Tāmaki desired by many) tu osima' o asil bumi;[6] tāmaki nopo nga kirati do "petanda".[7] Soginumu do 20,000 tulun mogiigion i poingion do kinoyonon diti pogulu nokorikot o tulun Eropah kuminaa id Pulau Utara;[4][5] sundung ingkaa, tuminongkop o pisangadan id tinaru kaampai no do kinoyonon diti tu pinointutun o pelayar Eropah do teknologi senapang lantak moden ontok abad ko-19 om nokopogowit do koingkurian mogiigion di ketara pogulu poingion o tulun Eropah do hiti.[8][9]
Nosoinan o Perjanjian Waitangi id pelabuhan Manukau barat daya Tāmaki Makaurau ontok 20 Gomot 1840.[10] Pinotungkap di pembesar Te Kawau o Pelabuhan Waitematā kumaa di William Hobson montok mombontuk pusat pentadbiran di wagu mantad Russell (Okiato). Pinungaranan do Auckland o ibu kota wagu diti tumanud ngaran George Eden, Earl Auckland i ontok dii nopo nga Wizurai India.[11][12][13][14][15] Pinoingkakat o Auckland ontok 18 Manom 1840; pinoimagon nogi ii sabaagi ibu kota jajahan New Zealand ontok 1841[16][17]
Noolon di Wellington o Auckland sabaagi ibukota rasmi New Zealand ontok 1865.
Geografi
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Auckland nopo nga poinsumpak id iso tanah genting. Titik di okikip kopio id tana' diti nopo nga id pialatan do teteluk Mangere om Bawang Tamaki.
Iklim
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Popokelas o Pengelasan iklim Köppen do ii nopo nga kawo iklim lautan (Cfb) om National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research popokelas ii sabaagi do kinoyonon ia subtropik miampai musim au kopio alasu om musim osogit di asagub.[18][19]
| Climate data for Auckland Airport (1981–2010, extremes 1962–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 27.6 (81.7) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.4 (79.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.6 (63.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
15.7 (60.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 11.4 (52.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
2.7 (36.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
6.5 (43.7) |
8.3 (46.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
8.7 (47.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 73.3 (2.89) |
66.1 (2.60) |
87.3 (3.44) |
99.4 (3.91) |
112.6 (4.43) |
126.4 (4.98) |
145.1 (5.71) |
118.4 (4.66) |
105.1 (4.14) |
100.2 (3.94) |
85.8 (3.38) |
92.8 (3.65) |
1,210.7 (47.67) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.0 | 7.1 | 8.4 | 10.6 | 12.0 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 12.8 | 12.0 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 135.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.3 | 79.8 | 80.3 | 83.0 | 85.8 | 89.8 | 88.9 | 86.2 | 81.3 | 78.5 | 77.2 | 77.6 | 82.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 228.8 | 194.9 | 189.2 | 157.3 | 139.8 | 110.3 | 128.1 | 142.9 | 148.6 | 178.1 | 188.1 | 197.2 | 2,003.1 |
| Source 1: NIWA Climate Data,[20] CliFlo[21] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: MetService[22] | |||||||||||||
Galeri
[simbanai | simbanai toud]
-
Bangunan pencakar langit yang terdapat di Auckland -
Bandar raya Auckland pada waktu malam
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Rujukan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaNZ_population_data - ↑ "GEOnet Names Server (GNS)". Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2005-08-12. Linoyog ontok Ogos 2006.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|dateformat=ignored (help) - ↑ "Auckland and around". Rough Guide to New Zealand, Fifth Edition. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 27 February 2008. Linoyog ontok 16 February 2010.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1867). New Zealand. p. 243. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 12 January 2009. Linoyog ontok 19 June 2008.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sarah Bulmer. "City without a state? Urbanisation in pre-European Taamaki-makau-rau (Auckland, New Zealand)" (PDF). Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 9 June 2007. Linoyog ontok 3 October 2007.
- ↑ "About Auckland". The Auckland Plan 2050. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 January 2019. Linoyog ontok 3 January 2019.
- ↑ https://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=T%C4%81maki
- ↑ "Ngāti Whātua – European contact". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 9 February 2008. Linoyog ontok 3 October 2007.
- ↑ Michael King (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Books. p. 135. ISBN 0-14-301867-1.
- ↑ "Signing the Treaty in Manukau in 1840". Auckland Council. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 4 June 2016. Linoyog ontok 24 May 2016.
- ↑ Templat:DNZB
- ↑ "Āpihai Te Kawau". Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 8 May 2019. Linoyog ontok 3 August 2019.
- ↑ "Apihai Te Kawau". Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 11 August 2019. Linoyog ontok 11 August 2019.
- ↑ "Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project" (PDF). Auckland Transport. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 11 December 2019. Linoyog ontok 11 August 2019.
- ↑ What's Doing In; Auckland Archived 24 Milatok 2009 at the Wayback Machine – The New York Times, 25 November 1990
- ↑ Social and Economic Research and Monitoring team (2010). Brief history of Auckland's urban form. Auckland Regional Council. ISBN 978-1-877540-57-8.
- ↑ Russell Stone (2002). From Tamaki-Makau-Rau to Auckland. University of Auckland Press. ISBN 1-86940-259-6.
- ↑ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 3 February 2012. Linoyog ontok 29 April 2015.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - ↑ "Overview of New Zealand Climate—Northern New Zealand". National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2 March 2012. Linoyog ontok 29 April 2015.
- ↑ "Auckland 1981–2010 averages". NIWA. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 10 October 2013. Linoyog ontok 13 December 2015.
- ↑ "CliFLO – National Climate Database". NIWA. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 27 November 2015. Linoyog ontok 13 December 2015.
- ↑ "MetService Auckland historical averages". Metservice. Linoyog ontok 7 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Pautan luar
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- Laman rasmi ibukota
- Auckland travel guide – NewZealand.com
- Auckland - Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
- Laman dengan argumen formatnum bukan angka
- Bobolikon miampai pongoput pail do noputut
- Laman dengan ralat rujukan
- CS1 errors: unsupported parameter
- CS1 errors: dates
- Webarchive template wayback links
- CS1 maint: uses authors parameter
- CS1 maint: url-status
- Articles with short description
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters
- Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates
- Articles containing Māori-language text
- Bandar di New Zealand
- Bekas ibu negara