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Erken, O.; Romanò, F.; Grotberg, J. B.; Muradoglu, M.

Capillary instability of a two-layer annular film: an airway closure model. (English) Zbl 1509.76033

J. Fluid Mech. 934, Paper No. A7, 34 p. (2022).
Summary: Capillary instability of a two-layer liquid film lining a rigid tube is studied computationally as a model for liquid plug formation and closure of human airways. The two-layer liquid consists of a serous layer, also called the periciliary liquid layer, at the inner side and a mucus layer at the outer side. Together, they form the airway surface liquid lining the airway wall and surrounding an air core. Liquid plug formation occurs due to Plateau-Rayleigh instability when the liquid film thickness exceeds a critical value. Numerical simulations are performed for the entire closure process, including the pre- and post-coalescence phases. The mechanical stresses and their gradients on the airway wall are investigated for physiologically relevant ranges of the mucus-to-serous thickness ratio, the viscosity ratio, and the air-mucus and serous-mucus surface tensions encompassing healthy and pathological conditions of a typical adult human lung. The growth rate of the two-layer model is found to be higher in comparison with a one-layer equivalent configuration. This leads to a much sooner closure in the two-layer model than that in the corresponding one-layer model. Moreover, it is found that the serous layer generally provides an effective protection to the pulmonary epithelium against high shear stress excursions and their gradients. A linear stability analysis is also performed, and the results are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the simulations. Finally, a secondary coalescence that may occur during the post-closure phase is investigated.

Cited in 2 Documents

MSC:

76E17 Interfacial stability and instability in hydrodynamic stability
76A20 Thin fluid films
76D45 Capillarity (surface tension) for incompressible viscous fluids
76D05 Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids
76Z05 Physiological flows
76M20 Finite difference methods applied to problems in fluid mechanics

Keywords:

pulmonary fluid mechanics; finite difference front-tracking method; incompressible Navier-Stokes equations; Plateau-Rayleigh instability; linear stability analysis

Software:

Basilisk
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