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Properties of simple density ideals. (English) Zbl 1512.03060

Summary: Let \(G\) consist of all functions \(g : \omega \rightarrow [0, \infty)\) with \(g(n) \rightarrow \infty\) and \(\frac{n}{g(n)} \nrightarrow 0\). Then for each \(g \in G\) the family \(\mathcal{Z}_g = \{A \subseteq \omega : \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\mathrm{card}(A \cap n)}{g(n)} = 0 \}\) is an ideal associated to the notion of so-called upper density of weight \(g\). Although those ideals have recently been extensively studied, they do not have their own name. In this paper, for Reader’s convenience, we propose to call them simple density ideals. We partially answer [A. Kwela and J. Tryba, Acta Math. Hung. 151, No. 1, 139–161 (2017; Zbl 1399.03010), Problem 5.8] by showing that every simple density ideal satisfies the property from [loc. cit., Problem 5.8] (earlier the only known example was the ideal \(\mathcal{Z}\) of sets of asymptotic density zero). We show that there are \(\mathfrak{c}\) many non-isomorphic (in fact even incomparable with respect to Katětov order) simple density ideals. Moreover, we prove that for a given \(A \subseteq G\) with \(\mathrm{card}(A) < \mathfrak{b}\) one can construct a family of cardinality \(\mathfrak{c}\) of pairwise incomparable (with respect to inclusion) simple density ideals which additionally are incomparable with all \(\mathcal{Z}_g\) for \(g \in A\). We show that this cannot be generalized to Katětov order as \(\mathcal{Z}\) is maximal in the sense of Katětov order among all simple density ideals. We examine how many substantially different functions \(g\) can generate the same ideal \(\mathcal{Z}_g\) – it turns out that the answer is either 1 or \(\mathfrak{c}\) (depending on \(g\)).

MSC:

03E15 Descriptive set theory
03E05 Other combinatorial set theory
54A20 Convergence in general topology (sequences, filters, limits, convergence spaces, nets, etc.)

Citations:

Zbl 1399.03010

References:

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