Summary: Nonlinear elastic models are widely used to describe the elastic response of crystalline solids, for example, the well-known Cauchy-Born model. While the Cauchy-Born model only depends on the strain, effects of higher-order strain gradients are significant and higher-order continuum models are preferred in various applications such as defect dynamics and modeling of carbon nanotubes. In this paper we rigorously derive a higher-order nonlinear elasticity model for crystals from its atomistic description in one dimension. We show that, compared to the second-order accuracy of the Cauchy-Born model, the higher-order continuum model in this paper is of fourth-order accuracy with respect to the interatomic spacing in the thermal dynamic limit. In addition we discuss the key issues for the derivation of higher-order continuum models in more general cases. The theoretical convergence results are demonstrated by numerical experiments.