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Liouville quantum gravity as a mating of trees. (English) Zbl 1503.60003

Astérisque 427. Paris: Société Mathématique de France (SMF) (ISBN 978-2-85629-941-8/pbk). viii, 257 p. (2021).
Summary: There is a simple way to “glue together” a coupled pair of continuum random trees (CRTs) to produce a topological sphere. The sphere comes equipped with a measure and a space-filling curve (which describes the “interface” between the trees). We present an explicit and canonical way to embed the sphere in \(\mathbb C\cup \{\infty\}\). In this embedding, the measure is Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) with parameter \(\gamma \in (0,2)\), and the curve is space-filling \(\mathrm{SLE}_{\kappa'}\) with \(\kappa' =16/\gamma^2\). Achieving this requires us to develop an extensive suite of tools for working with LQG surfaces. We explain how to conformally weld so-called “quantum wedges” to obtain new quantum wedges of different weights. We construct finite-volume quantum disks and spheres of various types, and give a Poissonian description of the set of quantum disks cut off by a boundary-intersecting \(\mathrm{SLE}_{\kappa}\) process with \(\kappa \in(0,4)\). We also establish a Lévy tree description of the set of quantum disks to the left (or right) of an \(\mathrm{SLE}_{\kappa'}\) with \(\kappa' \in (4,8)\). We show that given two such trees, sampled independently, there is a.s. a canonical way to “zip them together” and recover the \(\mathrm{SLE}_{\kappa'}\). The law of the CRT pair we study was shown in an earlier paper to be the scaling limit of the discrete tree/dual-tree pair associated to an FK-decorated random planar map (RPM). Together, these results imply that FK-decorated RPM scales to CLE-decorated LQG in a certain “tree structure” topology.

MSC:

60-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to probability theory
60D05 Geometric probability and stochastic geometry
82B20 Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics
82B41 Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in equilibrium statistical mechanics
60J67 Stochastic (Schramm-)Loewner evolution (SLE)