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All Parovichenko spaces may be soft-Parovichenko. (English) Zbl 1479.54051

A compactification, \(\gamma \mathbb{N}\), of the discrete space of all natural numbers is said to be soft if for all pairs \(\langle A, B \rangle\) of disjoint subsets of \(\mathbb{N}\) the following holds: whenever \(\overline{A} \cap \overline{B} \neq \emptyset\) there is an autohomeomorphism \(h\) of \(\gamma \mathbb{N}\) such that \(h[A] \cap B\) is infinite and \(h\) is the identity on the remainder \(\gamma \mathbb{N} \setminus \mathbb{N}\).
Banakh asked (at MathOverFlow) whether every Parovichenko space is soft-Parovichenko, where a Parovichenko space is defined to be a remainder in some compactification of \(\mathbb{N}\) (thus, a soft-Parovichenko space is a remainder in some soft compactification of \(\mathbb{N}\)). Parovichenko’s classic theorem (from [I. I. Parovichenko, Sov. Math., Dokl. 4, 592–595 (1963; Zbl 0171.21301); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 150, 36–39 (1963)]) characterizes, assuming the Continuum Hypothesis, the Parovichenko spaces to be, precisely, the compact Hausdorff spaces of weight at most \(\mathfrak{c}\).
In the paper under review, it is shown that, assuming the Continuum Hypothesis, every compact Hausdorff space of weight at most \(\mathfrak{c}\) is a remainder in a soft compactification of \(\mathbb{N}\) – that is, the authors have established that, under \(\mathbf{CH}\), Banakh’s question is answered positively.

MSC:

54D40 Remainders in general topology
03E35 Consistency and independence results
03E50 Continuum hypothesis and Martin’s axiom
54A35 Consistency and independence results in general topology
54D80 Special constructions of topological spaces (spaces of ultrafilters, etc.)

Citations:

Zbl 0171.21301

References:

[1] Taras Banakh, Is each Parovichenko compact space homeomorphic to the remain-der of a soft compactification of N?, https://mathoverflow.net/q/309583. (ver-sion: 2019-08-18).
[2] Taras Banakh and Igor Protasov, Constructing a coarse space with a given Hig-son or binary corona, Topology and its Applications 284 (2020), 107366, 20, DOI 10.1016/j.topol.2020.107366. MR4142223 · Zbl 1459.54016 · doi:10.1016/j.topol.2020.107366.MR4142223
[3] Aleksander Błaszczyk and Andrzej Szymański, Concerning Parovičenko’s theorem, Bulletin de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences. Série des Sciences Mathématiques 28 (1980), no. 7-8, 311-314 (1981) (English, with Russian summary). MR628044 · Zbl 0473.54014
[4] Alan Dow, On compact separable radial spaces, Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 40 (1997), no. 4, 422-432, DOI 10.4153/CMB-1997-050-0. MR1611327 · Zbl 0926.54014 · doi:10.4153/CMB-1997-050-0.MR1611327
[5] R. Engelking and M. Karłowicz, Some theorems of set theory and their topological consequences, Fundamenta Mathematicae 57 (1965), 275-285, DOI 10.4064/fm-57-3-275-285. MR196693 · Zbl 0137.41904 · doi:10.4064/fm-57-3-275-285.MR196693
[6] S. P. Franklin and M. Rajagopalan, Some examples in topology, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 155 (1971), 305-314, DOI 10.2307/1995685. MR283742 · Zbl 0217.48104 · doi:10.2307/1995685.MR283742
[7] I. I. Parovičenko, A universal bicompact of weight ℵ, Soviet Mathematics Doklady 4 (1963), 592-595. Russian original: Ob odnom universal nom bikompakte vesa ℵ, Doklady Akademiȋ Nauk SSSR 150 (1963) 36-39. MR0150732 (27#719) (Dow) Department of Mathematics, UNC-Charlotte, 9201 University · Zbl 0171.21301
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