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The beta-Jacobi matrix model, the CS decomposition, and generalized singular value problems. (English) Zbl 1464.82006

Summary: We provide a solution to the \(\beta\)-Jacobi matrix model problem posed by Dumitriu and the first author. The random matrix distribution introduced here, called a matrix model, is related to the model of Killip and Nenciu, but the development is quite different. We start by introducing a new matrix decomposition and an algorithm for computing this decomposition. Then we run the algorithm on a Haar-distributed random matrix to produce the \(\beta\)-Jacobi matrix model. The Jacobi ensemble on \({\mathbb R}^{n}\), parametrized by \(\beta > 0\), \(a > -1\),and \(b > -1\), is the probability distribution whose density is proportional to \(\prod_{i}\lambda_{i}^{({\beta}/{2})(a+1)-1}(1-\lambda_{i})^{({\beta}/{2})(b+1)-1}\prod_{i<j}|\lambda_{i}-\lambda_{j}|^{\beta}\). The matrix model introduced in this paper is a probability distribution on structured orthogonal matrices. If \(J\) is a random matrix drawnfrom this distribution, then a CS decomposition can be taken, \[ J=\left[\begin{matrix} U_1& \\ &U_2\end{matrix} \right]\left[\begin{matrix} C & S \\ -S & C \end{matrix} \right]\left[\begin{matrix} V_1 & \\ & V_2 \end{matrix} \right]^T, \] in which \(C\) and \(S\) are diagonal matrices with entries in \([0,1]. J\) is designed so that the diagonal entries of \(C\), squared, follow the law of the Jacobi ensemble. When \(\beta = 1\) (resp., \(\beta = 2\)), the matrix model is derived by running a numerically inspired algorithm on a Haar-distributed random matrix from the orthogonal (resp., unitary) group. Hence, the matrix model generalizes certain features of the orthogonal and unitary groups beyond \(\beta = 1\) and \(\beta = 2\) to general \(\beta > 0\). Observing a connection between Haar measure on the orthogonal (resp., unitary) group and pairs of real (resp., complex) Gaussian matrices, we find a direct connection between multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the new matrix model.

MSC:

82B41 Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in equilibrium statistical mechanics
33C45 Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.)
65F15 Numerical computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices
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