×

Device-independent test of causal order and relations to fixed-points. (English) Zbl 1456.81020

Summary: Bell non-local correlations cannot be naturally explained in a fixed causal structure. This serves as a motivation for considering models where no global assumption is made beyond logical consistency. The assumption of a fixed causal order between a set of parties, together with free randomness, implies device-independent inequalities – just as the assumption of locality does. It is known that local validity of quantum theory is consistent with violating such inequalities. Moreover, for three parties or more, even the (stronger) assumption of local classical probability theory plus logical consistency allows for violating causal inequalities. Here, we show that a classical environment (with which the parties interact), possibly containing loops, is logically consistent if and only if whatever the involved parties do, there is exactly one fixed-point, the latter being representable as a mixture of deterministic fixed-points. We further show that the non-causal view allows for a model of computation strictly more powerful than computation in a world of fixed causal orders.

MSC:

81P15 Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations
81P13 Contextuality in quantum theory
81P05 General and philosophical questions in quantum theory
81P40 Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations

References:

[1] Bell J S 2004 Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) · Zbl 1239.81002 · doi:10.1017/CBO9780511815676
[2] Scarani V and Gisin N 2002 Phys. Lett. A 295 167-74 · Zbl 1039.81507 · doi:10.1016/S0375-9601(02)00174-3
[3] Colbeck R and Renner R 2012 Nat. Phys.8 450-4 · doi:10.1038/nphys2300
[4] Wood C J and Spekkens R W 2015 New J. Phys.17 033002 · Zbl 1452.81085 · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/17/3/033002
[5] Bell J S 1964 Physics1 195-200 · doi:10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195
[6] Mayers D and Yao A 1998 Quantum cryptography with imperfect apparatus Proc. 39th Annual Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science FOCS’98 (Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society) pp 503-9 · Zbl 0997.68503
[7] Barrett J, Hardy L and Kent A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett.95 010503 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.010503
[8] Colbeck R 2006 Quantum and relativistic protocols for secure multi-party computation PhD Thesis University of Cambridge
[9] Pironio S et al 2010 Nature464 1021-4 · doi:10.1038/nature09008
[10] Colbeck R and Kent A 2011 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.44 095305 · Zbl 1211.81051 · doi:10.1088/1751-8113/44/9/095305
[11] Scarani V 2012 Acta Phys. Slovaca62 347-409
[12] Vazirani U and Vidick T 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett.113 140501 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.140501
[13] Leibniz G W and Clarke S 2000 Correspondence (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company)
[14] Gödel K 1949 Rev. Mod. Phys.21 447-50 · Zbl 0041.56701 · doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.447
[15] Reichenbach H 1956 The principle of the common cause The Direction of Time ed M Reichenbach (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press) ch 19, pp 157-167
[16] Russell B 1913 Proc. Aristotelian Soc.13 1-26 · JFM 44.0071.02 · doi:10.1093/aristotelian/13.1.1
[17] Colbeck R and Renner R 2011 Nat. Commun.2 411 · doi:10.1038/ncomms1416
[18] Hardy L 2005 arXiv:0509120
[19] Hardy L 2007 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.40 3081-99 · Zbl 1111.83057 · doi:10.1088/1751-8113/40/12/S12
[20] Chiribella G, D’Ariano G M and Perinotti P 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 022339 · Zbl 1255.81045 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.80.022339
[21] Chiribella G, D’Ariano G M, Perinotti P and Valiron B 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 022318 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.88.022318
[22] Chiribella G 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 040301 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.86.040301
[23] Colnaghi T, DAriano G M, Facchini S and Perinotti P 2012 Phys. Lett. A 376 2940-3 · Zbl 1266.81046 · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2012.08.028
[24] Araújo M, Costa F and Brukner Č 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett.113 250402 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.250402
[25] Feix A, Araújo M and Brukner Č 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 052326 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.92.052326
[26] Oreshkov O, Costa F and Brukner Č 2012 Nat. Commun.3 1092 · doi:10.1038/ncomms2076
[27] Brukner Č 2014 Nat. Phys.10 259-63 · doi:10.1038/nphys2930
[28] Branciard C, Araújo M, Feix A, Costa F and Brukner Č 2016 New J. Phys.18 013008 · Zbl 1456.81021 · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/013008
[29] Oreshkov O and Giarmatzi C 2015 arXiv:1506.05449
[30] Baumeler Ä and Wolf S 2016 New J. Phys.18 013036 · Zbl 1456.81008 · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/013036
[31] Jamiołkowski A 1972 Rep. Math. Phys.3 275-8 · Zbl 0252.47042 · doi:10.1016/0034-4877(72)90011-0
[32] Choi M D 1975 Linear Algebr. Appl.10 285-90 · Zbl 0327.15018 · doi:10.1016/0024-3795(75)90075-0
[33] Araújo M, Branciard C, Costa F, Feix A, Giarmatzi C and Brukner Č 2015 New J. Phys.17 102001 · Zbl 1452.81042 · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/17/10/102001
[34] Procopio L M, Moqanaki A, Araújo M, Costa F, Alonso Calafell I, Dowd E G, Hamel D R, Rozema L A, Brukner Č and Walther P 2015 Nat. Commun.6 7913 · doi:10.1038/ncomms8913
[35] Brukner Č 2015 New J. Phys.17 083034 · Zbl 1454.81025 · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/17/8/083034
[36] Costa F 2013 Local and causal structures in quantum theory PhD Thesis Universität Wien Wien
[37] Baumeler Ä, Feix A and Wolf S 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 042106 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.042106
[38] Baumeler Ä and Wolf S 2016 Non-causal computation avoiding the grandfather and information antinomies (arXiv:1601.06522)
[39] Baumeler Ä and Wolf S 2014 Perfect signaling among three parties violating predefined causal order (Piscataway, NJ: IEEE) pp 526-30
[40] Cirel’son B S 1980 Lett. Math. Phys.4 93-100 · doi:10.1007/BF00417500
[41] Greenberger D M, Horne M A and Zeilinger A 1989 Going beyond Bell’s theorem Bell’s Theorem Quantum Theory, and Conceptions of the Universe ed M Kafatos (Dordrecht: Kluwer) pp 69-72 · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0849-4_10
[42] Greenberger D M, Horne M A, Shimony A and Zeilinger A 1990 Am. J. Phys.58 1131-43 · Zbl 0948.81511 · doi:10.1119/1.16243
[43] Chiribella G, D’Ariano G M and Perinotti P 2012 Entropy14 1877-93 · Zbl 1296.81017 · doi:10.3390/e14101877
[44] Baumeler Ä 2015 Classical correlations without causal order: polytopes and purifications Talk at workshop Causality in a Quantum World(Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia,) (North-Holland: Amsterdam) pp 16-21
[45] Baumeler Ä, Costa F, Ralph T and Wolf S 2016 in preparation
[46] Pawłowski M, Paterek T, Kaszlikowski D, Scarani V, Winter A and Zukowski M 2009 Nature461 1101-4 · doi:10.1038/nature08400
[47] Ibnouhsein I and Grinbaum A 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 042124 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.92.042124
[48] Deutsch D 1991 Phys. Rev. D 44 3197-217 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.44.3197
[49] Aaronson S and Watrous J 2009 Proc. R. Soc. A 465 631-47 · Zbl 1186.81035 · doi:10.1098/rspa.2008.0350
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.