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Interplay of time-delay and velocity alignment in the Cucker-Smale model on a general digraph. (English) Zbl 1423.34086

Summary: We study dynamic interplay between time-delay and velocity alignment in the ensemble of Cucker-Smale (C-S) particles(or agents) on time-varying networks which are modeled by digraphs containing spanning trees. Time-delayed dynamical systems often appear in mathematical models from biology and control theory, and they have been extensively investigated in literature. In this paper, we provide sufficient frameworks for the mono-cluster flocking to the continuous and discrete C-S models, which are formulated in terms of system parameters and initial data. In our proposed frameworks, we show that the continuous and discrete C-S models exhibit exponential flocking estimates. For the explicit C-S communication weights which decay algebraically, our results exhibit threshold phenomena depending on the decay rate and depth of digraph. We also provide several numerical examples and compare them with our analytical results.

MSC:

34K25 Asymptotic theory of functional-differential equations
39A12 Discrete version of topics in analysis
05C20 Directed graphs (digraphs), tournaments
92B20 Neural networks for/in biological studies, artificial life and related topics