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Multiple Hermite polynomials and simultaneous Gaussian quadrature. (English) Zbl 1406.33009

Summary: Multiple Hermite polynomials are an extension of the classical Hermite polynomials for which orthogonality conditions are imposed with respect to \(r>1\) normal (Gaussian) weights \(w_j(x)=e^{-x^2+c_jx}\) with different means \(c_j/2\), \(1 \leq j \leq r\). These polynomials have a number of properties such as a Rodrigues formula, recurrence relations (connecting polynomials with nearest neighbor multi-indices), a differential equation, etc. The asymptotic distribution of the (scaled) zeros is investigated, and an interesting new feature is observed: depending on the distance between the \(c_j\), \(1 \leq j \leq r\), the zeros may accumulate on \(s\) disjoint intervals, where \(1 \leq s \leq r\). We will use the zeros of these multiple Hermite polynomials to approximate integrals of the form \(\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x) \exp(-x^2 + c_jx)\, dx\) simultaneously for \(1 \leq j \leq r\) for the case \(r=3\) and the situation when the zeros accumulate on three disjoint intervals. We also give some properties of the corresponding quadrature weights.

MSC:

33C45 Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.)
41A55 Approximate quadratures
42C05 Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis
65D32 Numerical quadrature and cubature formulas

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