Summary: We analyse the Gottlieb groups of function spaces. Our results lead to explicit decompositions of the Gottlieb groups of many function spaces \(\mathrm{map}(X,Y)\) – including the (iterated) free loop space of \(Y\) – directly in terms of the Gottlieb groups of \(Y\). More generally, we give explicit decompositions of the generalised Gottlieb groups of \(\mathrm{map}(X,Y)\) directly in terms of generalised Gottlieb groups of \(Y\). Particular cases of our results relate to the torus homotopy groups of Fox. We draw some consequences for the classification of \(T\)-spaces and \(G\)-spaces. For \(X\), \(Y\) finite and \(Y\) simply connected, we give a formula for the ranks of the Gottlieb groups of \(\mathrm{map}(X,Y)\) in terms of the Betti numbers of \(X\) and the ranks of the Gottlieb groups of \(Y\). Under these hypotheses, the Gottlieb groups of \(\mathrm{map}(X,Y)\) are finite groups in all but finitely many degrees.