Summary: Building on the inequalities for homogeneous tetrahedral polynomials in independent Gaussian variables due to R. Latał{a} [Ann. Probab. 34, No. 6, 2315–2331 (2006; Zbl 1119.60015)], we provide a concentration inequality for not necessarily Lipschitz functions \(f:\mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R\) with bounded derivatives of higher orders, which holds when the underlying measure satisfies a family of Sobolev type inequalities \[ \| g- \mathbb Eg\| _p \leq C(p)\| \nabla g\| _p. \] Such Sobolev type inequalities hold, e.g., if the underlying measure satisfies the log-Sobolev inequality (in which case \(C(p) \leq C\sqrt{p}\)) or the Poincaré inequality (then \(C(p) \leq Cp\)). Our concentration estimates are expressed in terms of tensor-product norms of the derivatives of \(f\). When the underlying measure is Gaussian and \(f\) is a polynomial (not necessarily tetrahedral or homogeneous), our estimates can be reversed (up to a constant depending only on the degree of the polynomial). We also show that for polynomial functions, analogous estimates hold for arbitrary random vectors with independent sub-Gaussian coordinates. We apply our inequalities to general additive functionals of random vectors (in particular linear eigenvalue statistics of random matrices) and the problem of counting cycles of fixed length in Erdős-Rényi random graphs, obtaining new estimates, optimal in a certain range of parameters.