×

Existence, unique continuation and symmetry of least energy nodal solutions to sublinear Neumann problems. (English) Zbl 1321.35026

Summary: We consider the sublinear problem \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u=| u|^{q-2}u\quad &\text{in }\Omega, \\ u_\nu=0\quad &\text{on }\partial\Omega,\end{cases} \] where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^N\) is a bounded domain, and \(1\leq q<2\). For \(q=1\), \(|u|^{q-2}u\) will be identified with \(\operatorname{sgn}(u)\). We establish a variational principle for least energy nodal solutions, and we investigate their qualitative properties. In particular, we show that they satisfy a unique continuation property (their zero set is Lebesgue-negligible). Moreover, if \(\Omega\) is radial, then least energy nodal solutions are foliated Schwarz symmetric, and they are nonradial in case \(\Omega\) is a ball. The case \(q=1\) requires special attention since the formally associated energy functional is not differentiable, and many arguments have to be adjusted.

MSC:

35J25 Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations
35J20 Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations
35J15 Second-order elliptic equations
35B06 Symmetries, invariants, etc. in context of PDEs
35B05 Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs

References:

[1] Aftalion, A., Pacella, F.: Qualitative properties of nodal solutions of semilinear elliptic equations in radially symmetric domains. C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 339(5), 339-344 (2004) · Zbl 1113.35063 · doi:10.1016/j.crma.2004.07.004
[2] Arrieta, J.M., Rodriguez-Bernal, A., Valero, J.: Dynamics of a reaction-diffusion equation with a discontinuous nonlinearity. Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos 16, 2965-2984 (2006) · Zbl 1185.37161 · doi:10.1142/S0218127406016586
[3] Bartsch, T., Weth, T., Willem, M.: Partial symmetry of least energy nodal solutions to some variational problems. J. Anal. Math. 96, 1-18 (2005) · Zbl 1206.35086 · doi:10.1007/BF02787822
[4] Chang, K.C.: The obstacle problem and partial differential equations with discontinuous nonlinearities. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 33(2), 117-146 (1980) · Zbl 0405.35074 · doi:10.1002/cpa.3160330203
[5] Evans, L.C., Gariepy, R.F.: Measure Theory and Fine Properties of Functions. Studies in Advanced Mathematics. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1992) · Zbl 0804.28001
[6] Gilbarg, D., Trudinger, N.S.: Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order. Classics in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2001). (Reprint of the 1998 edition) · Zbl 1042.35002
[7] Girão, P., Weth, T.: The shape of extremal functions for Poincaré-Sobolev-type inequalities in a ball. J. Funct. Anal. 237(1), 194-223 (2006) · Zbl 1122.26015 · doi:10.1016/j.jfa.2006.01.001
[8] Gollwitzer, H.E.: Nonoscillation theorems for a nonlinear differential equation. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 26, 78-84 (1970) · Zbl 0225.34020 · doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-1970-0259243-3
[9] Hilhorst, Danielle, Rodrigues, José-Francisco: On a nonlocal diffusion equation with discontinuous reaction. Adv. Differ. Equ. 5(4-6), 657-680 (2000) · Zbl 0990.35058
[10] Rauch, J.: Discontinuous semilinear differential equations and multiple valued maps. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 64, 277-282 (1977) · Zbl 0413.35031 · doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-1977-0442453-6
[11] Vazquez, J.L.: The Porous Medium Equation. Oxford Science Publications, New York (2007) · Zbl 1107.35003
[12] Willem, M.: Minimax Theorems. Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and their Applications, 24. Birkhäuser Boston Inc., Boston (1996) · Zbl 0856.49001 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4146-1
[13] Willem, M.: Principes d’Analyse Fonctionnelle. Nouvelle Bibliothèque Mathématique [New Mathematics Library], 9. Cassini, Paris (2007) · Zbl 1205.46001
[14] Wong, J.S.W.: On the generalized Emden-Fowler equation. SIAM Rev. 17, 339-360 (1975) · Zbl 0295.34026 · doi:10.1137/1017036
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.