Vector-valued Morrey’s embedding theorem and Hölder continuity in parabolic problems. (English) Zbl 1217.46020
Summary: If \(I\subset \mathbb{R}\) is an open interval and \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N\) an open subset with \(\partial \Omega \) Lipschitz continuous, we show that the space \(W^{1,p}(I,L^q (\Omega ))\cap L^p(I,W^{1,q}(\Omega ))\) is continuously embedded in \(C^{0,\frac{1}{p'}-\frac{N}{q}}(\overline{\Omega \times I})\cap L^{\infty }(\Omega \times I)\) if \(p,q\in (1,\infty )\) and \(q>Np'\). When \(p=q\), this coincides with Morrey’s embedding theorem for \(W^{1,p}(\Omega \times I)\). While weaker results have been obtained by various methods, including very technical ones, the proof given here follows that of Morrey’s theorem in the scalar case and relies only on widely known properties of the classical Sobolev spaces and of the Bochner integral.
This embedding is useful to formulate nonlinear evolution problems as functional equations, but it has other applications. As an example, we derive apparently new spacetime Hölder continuity properties for \(u_t=Au+f,u(\cdot ,0)=u_0\) when \(A\) generates a holomorphic semigroup on \(L^q (\Omega)\).
MSC:
46E35 | Sobolev spaces and other spaces of “smooth” functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems |
46E40 | Spaces of vector- and operator-valued functions |
35K90 | Abstract parabolic equations |
35K55 | Nonlinear parabolic equations |