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Iterated exponentials. (English) Zbl 1187.40001

Summary: We discuss the following fascinating problem. Suppose a is a positive number and consider the sequence \(a,a^a,a^{(a^a)}, a^{(a^{(a^a)})},\dots\). For which values of a does this sequence converge? This problem is remarkable both for its unexpected answer and the different threads that interweave in the development of its solution. We present a solution and provide some historical context.

MSC:

40-03 History of sequences, series, summability
40A99 Convergence and divergence of infinite limiting processes
39B22 Functional equations for real functions