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Experiments on corn pressure in silo cells - translation and comment of Janssen’s paper from 1895. (English) Zbl 1178.74003

Summary: The German engineer H. A. Janssen gave one of the first accoutns of the often peculiar behavior of granular material in a paper published in German in 1895. From simple experiments with corn he inferred the saturation of pressure with height in a granular system. Subsequently, Janssen derived the equivalent of the barometric formula for granular material from the main assumption that the walls carry part of the weight. The following is a translation of this article. The wording is chosen as close as possible to the original. While drawings are copied from the original, figures displaying data are redone for better readability. The translation is complemented by some bibliographical notes and an assessment of earlier work, wherein Hagen predicted the saturation of pressure with depth in 1852, and Huber-Burnand demonstrated that saturation qualitatively as early as in 1829. We conclude with a brief discussion of more recent developments resting on Janssen’s work.

MSC:

74-03 History of mechanics of deformable solids
74E20 Granularity
74-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to mechanics of deformable solids

References:

[1] Janssen, H.A.: Zeitschr. d. Vereines deutscher Ingenieure 39, 1045 (1895)
[2] Arndt, C.: Zeitschr d. Vereines deutscher Ingenieure 36, 973 (1892)
[3] Roberts, I.: Engineering 34, 399 (1882)
[4] Janssen, H.A.: Inst. Civ. Eng. Proc. 124, 553 (1896)
[5] Hagen, G.H.L.: Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. pp. 35–42 (1852)
[6] Huber-Burnand, Ann. d. Phys. 92, 316 (1829)
[7] Nedderman, R.M.: Statics and kinematics of granular materials Cambr. Univ. Press, Cambridge (1992)
[8] Redaktion VDI-Z, Springer-VDI-Verlag, Chefredaktion: Dr.-Ing. Birgit Etmanski, Heinrichstr. 24, 40239 Düsseldorf E-Mail: vdi-z@technikwissen.de, Internet: http://www.vdi-z.de
[9] Thomson Scientific, Science Citation Index (2005)
[10] Duran, J.: Sands, Powders, and Grains. Springer, New York, (2000) · Zbl 0939.74001
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