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Preimages of one-point sets of Bloch and normal functions. (English) Zbl 1167.30323

Summary: We call a sequence \(\{z_n\}\) in the open unit disk \(\Delta \) almost thin if \[ {\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } }\Pi {\left( {z_{n} } \right)} = 1, \] where \(\Pi (z_n)\) is the product of the pseudo-hyperbolic distances between \(z_n\) and the other elements in the sequence. We call the sequence \(thick\) if \[ {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } }\Pi {\left( {z_{n} } \right)} = 0. \] In this paper, we use elementary complex variables methods to prove a sharper form of a characterization of the symbols of the isometric composition operators on the Bloch space proved by Martín and Vukotic in terms of the preimages of one-point sets. Specifically, we show that a bounded analytic function \(\varphi \) from \(\Delta \) into itself has Bloch semi-norm equal to one (which is the largest possible) if and only if it is a conformal automorphism of \(\Delta \) or if the preimage of each point of \(\Delta \) contains a sequence along which the hyperbolic derivative of \(\varphi \) approaches one (condition (M’)). In particular, the preimage of each point of \(\Delta \) is an almost thin sequence. Using similar techniques we also show that a bounded analytic function \(f\) is in the little Bloch space if and only if for each \(a\in \mathbb{C}\) such that \(f^{-1}(a)=\{z_{n}:n\in \mathbb{N}\}\) is infinite \[ {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } }\left(1 - |z_{n} |^{2} \right)|f'{\left( {z_{n} } \right)}| = 0. \] Consequently, an infinite Blaschke product whose left composition by a conformal automorphism of \(\Delta \) is always a Blaschke product belongs to the little Bloch space if and only if the preimage of every point in \(\Delta \) is a thick sequence. We give an example to show that this characterization does not extend to unbounded Bloch functions. We also prove an analogous characterization of the little normal functions. Finally, we give a sufficient condition on a holomorphic self-map of the polydisk \(\Delta n\) to be the symbol of an isometric composition operator on the Bloch space of \(\Delta n\) and discuss a higher-dimensional analogue of condition (M’).

MSC:

30D45 Normal functions of one complex variable, normal families
30D50 Blaschke products, etc. (MSC2000)
32A18 Bloch functions, normal functions of several complex variables
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