×

Sphere packings revisited. (English) Zbl 1091.52010

Summary: We survey most of the recent and often surprising results on packings of congruent spheres in \(d\)-dimensional spaces of constant curvature. The topics discussed are as follows:
– Hadwiger numbers of convex bodies and kissing numbers of spheres;
– touching numbers of convex bodies;
– Newton numbers of convex bodies;
– one-sided Hadwiger and kissing numbers;
– contact graphs of finite packings and the combinatorial Kepler problem;
– isoperimetric problems for Voronoi cells, the strong dodecahedral conjecture and the truncated octahedral conjecture;
– the strong Kepler conjecture;
– bounds on the density of sphere packings in higher dimensions;
– solidity and uniform stability.
Each topic is discussed in details along with some of the “most wanted” research problems.

MSC:

52C17 Packing and covering in \(n\) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry)

Software:

kepler98
Full Text: DOI

References:

[1] Anstreicher, K., The thirteen spheres: a new proof, Discrete Comput. Geom., 31, 613-625 (2004) · Zbl 1126.52017
[2] Ball, K. M., A lower bound for the optimal density of lattice packings, Duke J. Math., 68, 217-221 (1992) · Zbl 0776.52006
[3] Bannai, E.; Sloane, N. J.A., Uniqueness of certain spherical codes, Canad. J. Math., 33, 437-449 (1981) · Zbl 0411.05028
[4] Baranovskii, E., On packing \(n\)-dimensional Euclidean space by equal spheres, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Mat., 39, 2, 14-24 (1964) · Zbl 0119.38002
[5] Bárány, I.; Dolbilin, N. P., A stability property of the densest circle packing, Monatsh. Math., 106, 107-114 (1988) · Zbl 0653.52009
[6] Betke, U.; Henk, M., Finite packings of spheres, Discrete Comput. Geom., 19, 197-227 (1998) · Zbl 0897.52005
[7] Betke, U.; Henk, M.; Wills, J. M., Finite and infinite packings, J. Reine Angew. Math., 53, 165-191 (1994) · Zbl 0797.52010
[8] Betke, U.; Henk, M.; Wills, J. M., Sausages are good packings, Discrete Comput. Geom., 13, 297-311 (1995) · Zbl 0829.52010
[9] Bezdek, A., Solid packing of circles in the hyperbolic plane, Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 14, 203-207 (1979) · Zbl 0467.52008
[10] Bezdek, A.; Bezdek, K., A note on the ten-neighbour packings of equal balls, Beiträge Algebra Geom., 27, 49-53 (1988) · Zbl 0752.52013
[11] Bezdek, A.; Bezdek, K.; Connelly, R., Finite and uniform stability of sphere packings, Discrete Comput. Geom., 20, 111-130 (1998) · Zbl 0914.52006
[12] D. Bezdek, Dürer’s unsolved geometry problem, in: Canada-Wide Science Fair, St. John’s, 15-23 May, 2004, pp. 1-42; D. Bezdek, Dürer’s unsolved geometry problem, in: Canada-Wide Science Fair, St. John’s, 15-23 May, 2004, pp. 1-42
[13] Bezdek, K., Ausfüllung eines Kreises durch kongruente Kreise in der hyperbolischen Ebene, Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 17, 353-366 (1982) · Zbl 0555.52011
[14] Bezdek, K., Circle-packings into convex domains of the Euclidean and hyperbolic plane and the sphere, Geom. Dedicata, 21, 249-255 (1986) · Zbl 0607.52009
[15] Bezdek, K.; Connelly, R., Intersection points, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Sect. Math., 31, 115-127 (1988) · Zbl 0683.52014
[16] Bezdek, K., On a stronger form of Rogers’ lemma and the minimum surface area of Voronoi cells in unit ball packings, J. Reine Angew. Math., 518, 131-143 (2000) · Zbl 0944.52008
[17] Bezdek, K., Improving Rogers’ upper bound for the density of unit ball packings via estimating the surface area of Voronoi cells from below in euclidean \(d\)-space for all \(d \geq 8\), Discrete Comput. Geom., 28, 75-106 (2002) · Zbl 1013.52015
[18] Bezdek, K., On the maximum number of touching pairs in a finite packing of translates of a convex body, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A, 98, 192-200 (2002) · Zbl 1010.52014
[19] Bezdek, K.; Naszódi, M.; Visy, B., On the \(m\) th Petty numbers of normed spaces, (Bezdek, A., Discrete Geometry (2003), Marcel Dekker), 291-304 · Zbl 1053.52022
[20] Bezdek, K.; Brass, P., On \(k^+\)-neighbour packings and one-sided Hadwiger configurations, Beiträge Algebra Geom., 44, 493-498 (2003) · Zbl 1041.52010
[21] K. Bezdek, E. Daróczy-Kiss, Finding the best face on a Voronoi polyhedron—the strong dodecahedral conjecture revisited, Monatsh. Math. 1-20 (in press); K. Bezdek, E. Daróczy-Kiss, Finding the best face on a Voronoi polyhedron—the strong dodecahedral conjecture revisited, Monatsh. Math. 1-20 (in press)
[22] K. Bezdek, Sphere packings in 3-space, in: Invited Plenary Talk at the COE Workshop on Sphere Packings, 1-5 November 2004, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; K. Bezdek, Sphere packings in 3-space, in: Invited Plenary Talk at the COE Workshop on Sphere Packings, 1-5 November 2004, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
[23] Bowen, L., Circle packing in the hyperbolic plane, Math. Phys. Electron. J., 6, 1-10 (2000) · Zbl 0958.52021
[24] Bowen, L.; Radin, C., Densest packing of equal spheres in hyperbolic space, Discrete Comput. Geom., 29, 23-39 (2003) · Zbl 1018.52016
[25] Böröczky, K., Gömbkitöltés állandó görbületű terekben, Mat. Lapok, 25 (1974), (in Hungarian)
[26] Böröczky, K., Über the Newtonsche Zahl regulärer Vielecke, Period. Math. Hungar., 1, 113-119 (1971) · Zbl 0231.52008
[27] Böröczky, K., Packing of spheres in spaces of constant curvature, Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar., 32, 243-261 (1978) · Zbl 0422.52011
[28] Böröczky, K., The problem of Tammes for \(n = 11\), Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 18, 165-171 (1983) · Zbl 0573.52020
[29] Böröczky, K., The Newton-Gregory problem revisited, (Bezdek, A., Discrete Geometry (2003), Marcel Dekker), 103-110 · Zbl 1052.52016
[30] Brass, P., On equilateral simplices in normed spaces, Beiträge Algebra Geom., 40, 303-307 (1990) · Zbl 0961.51016
[31] Brass, P., Erdős distance problems in normed spaces, Comput. Geom., 6, 195-214 (1996) · Zbl 0860.52008
[32] Casselman, B., The difficulties of kissing in three dimensions, Notices Amer. Math. Soc., 51, 8, 884-885 (2004) · Zbl 1168.52304
[33] Cohn, H.; Elkies, N., New upper bounds on sphere packings I, Ann. Math., 157, 689-714 (2003) · Zbl 1041.52011
[34] Cohn, H.; Kumar, A., Optimality and uniqueness of the Leech lattice among lattices (2003), (preprint)
[35] Conway, J. H.; Sloane, N. J.A., Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups (1999), Springer · Zbl 0915.52003
[36] Coxeter, H. S.M., An upper bound for the number of equal nonoverlapping spheres that can touch another of the same size, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., 7, 53-71 (1963) · Zbl 0136.43301
[37] Danzer, L.; Grünbaum, B., Über zwei Probleme bezüglich konvexer Körper von P. Erdős and von V.L. Klee, Math. Z., 79, 95-99 (1962) · Zbl 0188.27602
[38] Danzer, L., Finite point sets on \(S^2\) with minimum distance as large as possible, Discrete Math., 60, 3-66 (1986) · Zbl 0644.52007
[39] Edel, Y.; Rains, E. M.; Sloane, N. J.A., On kissing numbers in dimensions 32 to 128, Electron. J. Combin., 5, R22 (1998) · Zbl 0901.52019
[40] Fejes Tóth, L., Über die dichteste Kugellagerung, Math. Z., 48, 676-684 (1943) · Zbl 0027.34102
[41] Fejes Tóth, L., On the densest packing of circles in a convex domain, Norske Vid. Selsk. Fordhl., Trondheim, 21, 68-76 (1948) · Zbl 0040.38502
[42] Fejes Tóth, L., On the number of equal discs that can touch another of the same kind, Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 2, 363-367 (1967) · Zbl 0157.52702
[43] Fejes Tóth, L., Solid circle packings and circle coverings, Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 3, 401-409 (1968) · Zbl 0167.20201
[44] Fejes Tóth, L., Remarks on a theorem of R.M. Robinson, Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 4, 441-445 (1969) · Zbl 0194.51603
[45] Fejes Tóth, L., Research problem 13, Period. Math. Hungar., 6, 197-199 (1975)
[46] Fejes Tóth, L., Solid packing of circles in the hyperbolic plane, Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 15, 299-302 (1980) · Zbl 0489.52014
[47] Freudenthal, H.; van der Waerden, B. L., On an assertion of Euclid, Simon Stevin, 25, 115-121 (1947) · Zbl 0030.17302
[48] Gruber, P. M.; Lekkerkerker, C. G., Geometry of Numbers, (North-Holland Mathematical Library, vol. 37 (1987)), 213 · Zbl 0611.10017
[49] Hadwiger, H., Über Treffenzahlen bei translations gleichen Eikörpern, Arch. Math., 8, 212-213 (1957) · Zbl 0080.15501
[50] Hales, T. C., Sphere packings 1, Discrete Comput. Geom, 17, 1-51 (1997) · Zbl 0883.52012
[51] Hales, T. C., Sphere packings 2, Discrete Comput. Geom., 18, 135-149 (1997) · Zbl 0883.52013
[52] T.C. Hales, Overview of the Kepler conjecture, Discrete Comput. Geom. (in press). See arXiv:math.MG/9811071; T.C. Hales, Overview of the Kepler conjecture, Discrete Comput. Geom. (in press). See arXiv:math.MG/9811071
[53] T.C. Hales, A proof of the Kepler conjecture, Ann. Math. (in press); T.C. Hales, A proof of the Kepler conjecture, Ann. Math. (in press) · Zbl 1099.68725
[54] Hales, T. C.; McLaughlin, S., A proof of the dodecahedral conjecture · Zbl 1207.52017
[55] Harborth, H., Lösung zu Problem 664A, Elem. Math., 29, 14-15 (1974)
[56] Hilbert, D., Mathematical problems, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 8, 437-479 (1902) · JFM 33.0976.07
[57] Hsiang, W.-Y., On the sphere packing problem and the proof of Kepler’s conjecture, Internat. J. Math., 4, 5, 739-831 (1993) · Zbl 0844.52017
[58] Hsiang, W.-Y., Least Action Principle of Crystal Formation of Dense Packing Type and Kepler’s Conjecture (2001), World Sci. Publishing · Zbl 1008.52018
[59] Kabatiansky, G. A.; Levenshtein, V. I., Bounds for packings on a sphere and in space, Problemy Peredachi Informatsii, 14, 3-25 (1978) · Zbl 0407.52005
[60] Larman, D. G.; Zong, C., On the kissing numbers of some special convex bodies, Discrete Comput. Geom., 21, 233-242 (1999) · Zbl 0924.52011
[61] Leech, J., The problem of thirteen spheres, Math. Gazette, 41, 22-23 (1956) · Zbl 0070.17601
[62] Levenshtein, V. I., On bounds for packings in \(n\)-dimensional Euclidean space, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 245, 1299-1303 (1979) · Zbl 0436.52011
[63] Lhuilier, M., Mémoire sur le minimum de cire des alvéoles des abeilles, Nouveaux Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences de Berlin (1781)
[64] Lindsey, J. H., Sphere packing in \(R^3\), Mathematika, 33, 417-421 (1986) · Zbl 0582.52007
[65] Linhart, J., Die Newtonsche Zahl von regelmäsigen Fünfecken, Period. Math. Hungar., 4, 315-328 (1973) · Zbl 0283.52002
[66] Maehara, H., Isoperimetric theorem for spherical polygons and the problem of 13 spheres, Ryukyu Math. J., 14, 41-57 (2001) · Zbl 1009.52019
[67] Molnár, J., Ausfüllung und Überdeckung eines konvexen sphärischen Gebietes durch Kreise I, Publ. Math. Debrecen, 2, 266-275 (1952) · Zbl 0050.38901
[68] Muder, D. J., Putting the best face on a Voronoi polyhedron, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3), 56, 329-348 (1988) · Zbl 0609.52012
[69] Muder, D. J., A new bound on the local density of sphere packings, Discrete Comput. Geom., 10, 351-375 (1993) · Zbl 0787.52010
[70] Musin, O. R., The problem of the twenty-five spheres, Russian Math. Surveys, 58, 794-795 (2003) · Zbl 1059.52023
[71] O.R. Musin, The kissing number in four dimensions, 2003, 1-22 (preprint); O.R. Musin, The kissing number in four dimensions, 2003, 1-22 (preprint) · Zbl 1169.52008
[72] O.R. Musin, The kissing number in three dimensions, 2004, 1-10 (preprint); O.R. Musin, The kissing number in three dimensions, 2004, 1-10 (preprint) · Zbl 1169.52008
[73] Nebe, G.; Sloane, N. J.A., Table of densest packings presently known, Published electronically at
[74] Nebe, G.; Sloane, N. J.A., Table of the highest kissing numbers presently known, Published electronically at
[75] Odlyzko, A. M.; Sloane, N. J.A., New bounds on the number of unit spheres that can touch a unit sphere in \(n\) dimensions, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A, 26, 210-214 (1979) · Zbl 0408.52007
[76] Petty, C. M., Equilateral sets in Minkowski spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 29, 369-374 (1971) · Zbl 0214.20801
[77] Pfender, F.; Ziegler, G. M., Kissing numbers, sphere packings and some unexpected proofs, Notices Amer. Math. Soc., 51, 8, 873-883 (2004) · Zbl 1168.52305
[78] Phelan, R.; Weaire, D., A counter-example to Kelvin’s conjecture on minimal surfaces, Philos. Mag. Lett., 69, 107-110 (1994) · Zbl 0900.52003
[79] Rogers, C. A., The packing of equal spheres, J. London Math. Soc. (3), 8, 609-620 (1958) · Zbl 0085.03302
[80] Rogers, C. A., Packing and Covering (1964), Camb. Univ. Press · Zbl 0176.51401
[81] Schopp, J., Über die Newtonsche Zahl einer Scheibe konstanter Breite, Studia. Sci. Math. Hungar., 5, 475-478 (1970) · Zbl 0229.52011
[82] Schütte, K.; van der Waerden, B. L., Das Problem der dreizehn Kugeln, Math. Ann., 125, 325-334 (1953) · Zbl 0050.16701
[83] Soltan, P. S., Analogues of regular simplices in normed spaces, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 222, 1303-1305 (1975)
[84] Swinnerton-Dyer, H. P.F., Extremal lattices of convex bodies, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 49, 161-162 (1953) · Zbl 0050.04805
[85] Talata, I., Exponential lower bound for translative kissing numbers of \(d\)-dimensional convex bodies, Discrete Comput. Geom., 19, 447-455 (1998) · Zbl 0910.52014
[86] Talata, I., The translative kissing number of tetrahedra is 18, Discrete Comput. Geom., 22, 231-293 (1999) · Zbl 0936.52007
[87] Wyner, A. D., Capabilities of bounded discrepancy decoding, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 54, 1061-1122 (1965)
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.