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Nonautonomous Beverton-Holt equations and the Cushing-Henson conjectures. (English) Zbl 1084.39005

The authors consider the nonautonomous Beverton–Holt equation \[ x_{n+1}=\frac{\mu_n K_nx_n}{K_n+(\mu_n-1)x_n}, \quad n=0,1,\ldots \eqno(1) \] where \(\{\mu_n\}\) and \(\{K_n\}\) are sequences with minimal common period \(p \geq 2\). For a positive \(p\)-periodic solution \(\{x_n\}\) the authors establish the inequality \[ \frac{1}{p}\sum^{p-1}_{k=0}x_k < \frac{\mu^*(\mu^*-1)}{\mu_*(\mu_*-1)} \frac{1}{p}\sum^{p-1}_{k=0}K_k, \eqno(2) \] where \(\mu^* = \max(\mu_n)\), \(\mu_* = \min(\mu_n)\). The obtained result is an extension of the conjecture formulated by J. M. Cushing and S. M. Henson [J. Difference Equ. Appl. 8, No. 12, 1119-1120 (2002; Zbl 1023.39013)] in the case when \(\mu_n\) is constant. In the present paper a refinement of (2) is given for \(p=2\). The authors construct an example having a geometric cycle with minimal period \(r < p\). In the case of (1) with constant \(\mu_n\) the authors prove that any geometric cycle must have the same minimal period \(p\) as (1).

MSC:

39A11 Stability of difference equations (MSC2000)
39A12 Discrete version of topics in analysis
39A20 Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations

Citations:

Zbl 1023.39013

References:

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[2] DOI: 10.1080/10236190108808308 · Zbl 1002.39003 · doi:10.1080/10236190108808308
[3] DOI: 10.1080/1023619021000053980 · Zbl 1023.39013 · doi:10.1080/1023619021000053980
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[6] DOI: 10.1016/S0022-247X(03)00417-7 · Zbl 1035.37020 · doi:10.1016/S0022-247X(03)00417-7
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[8] DOI: 10.1080/10236190410001703949 · doi:10.1080/10236190410001703949
[9] Kon, R.Attenuant cycles of population models with periodic carrying capacity(this issue). · Zbl 1067.92048
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