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Lower dimensional invariant tori in the regions of instability for nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. (English) Zbl 0935.70013

The author considers Hamiltonian systems of more than two degrees of freedom, consisting of a non-degenerate integrable part and a perturbation. The frequencies of the unperturbed part satisfy a simple resonant condition on an \((n-1)\)-dimensional submanifold \(\mathbb{M}\) in the action space. Almost every point of this manifold corresponds to a resonant \(n\)-dimensional torus of the unperturbed system, which is foliated by \((n-1)\)-dimensional ergodic components. It is proved that for each resonant \(n\)-dimensional torus of a subset of \(\mathbb{M}\) with positive measure, at least two \((n-1)\)-dimensional tori are continued under the perturbation, one being hyperbolic and the other elliptic. This important result fills a gap between the Poincaré-Birkhoff fixed point theory on the continuation of isolated periodic orbits from the non-isolated ones of the fully resonant tori of the integrable part, and the KAM theory, which guarantees the conservation under the perturbation of the non-resonant tori with frequencies which satisfy certain diophantine condition.

MSC:

70H14 Stability problems for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics
70H08 Nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems, KAM theory
70H09 Perturbation theories for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics
37N05 Dynamical systems in classical and celestial mechanics
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