×

On the Khintchin constant. (English) Zbl 0854.11078

Summary: We present rapidly converging series for the Khintchine constant and for general “Khintchine means” of continued fractions. We show that each of these constants can be cast in terms of an efficient free-parameter series, each series involving values of the Riemann zeta function, rationals, and logarithms of rationals. We provide an alternative, polylogarithm series for the Khintchine constant and indicate means to accelerate such series. We discuss properties of some explicit continued fractions, constructing specific fractions that have limiting geometric mean equal to the Khintchine constant. We report numerical evaluations of such special numbers and of various Khintchine means. In particular, we used an optimized series and a collection of fast algorithms to evaluate the Khintchine constant to more than 7000 decimal places.

MSC:

11Y60 Evaluation of number-theoretic constants
11Y65 Continued fraction calculations (number-theoretic aspects)
11M99 Zeta and \(L\)-functions: analytic theory
Full Text: DOI

References:

[1] Roy Adler, Michael Keane, and Meir Smorodinsky, A construction of a normal number for the continued fraction transformation, J. Number Theory 13 (1981), no. 1, 95 – 105. · Zbl 0448.10050 · doi:10.1016/0022-314X(81)90031-7
[2] Milton Abramowitz and Irene A. Stegun , Handbook of mathematical functions with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1992. Reprint of the 1972 edition. · Zbl 0171.38503
[3] David H. Bailey, Jonathan M. Borwein, and Roland Girgensohn, Experimental evaluation of Euler sums, Experiment. Math. 3 (1994), no. 1, 17 – 30. · Zbl 0810.11076
[4] D. H. Bailey, “A Fortran-90 based multiprecision system,” ACM Trans. on Math. Software 21 (1995), 379-387. · Zbl 0883.68017
[5] -, “Multiprecision translation and execution of Fortran programs,” ACM Trans. on Math. Software 19 (1993), 288-319. This software and documentation, as well as that described in [4], may be obtained by sending electronic mail to mp-request@@nas.nasa.gov, or by using Mosaic at address http://www.nas.nasa.gov.
[6] Bruce C. Berndt, Ramanujan’s notebooks. Part III, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991. · Zbl 0733.11001
[7] David Borwein, Jonathan M. Borwein, and Roland Girgensohn, Explicit evaluation of Euler sums, Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. (2) 38 (1995), no. 2, 277 – 294. · Zbl 0819.40003 · doi:10.1017/S0013091500019088
[8] P. Borwein, “An efficient algorithm for the Riemann zeta function,” submitted for publication. Available from http://www.cecm.sfu/ pborwein.
[9] J. P. Buhler, R. E. Crandall, and R. W. Sompolski, Irregular primes to one million, Math. Comp. 59 (1992), no. 200, 717 – 722. · Zbl 0768.11009
[10] J. Buhler, R. Crandall, R. Ernvall, and T. Metsänkylä, Irregular primes and cyclotomic invariants to four million, Math. Comp. 61 (1993), no. 203, 151 – 153. · Zbl 0789.11020
[11] R. Corless, personal communication.
[12] R. W. Gosper, personal communication.
[13] A. Khintchine, Continued fractions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1964. · Zbl 0117.28503
[14] D. Lehmer, “Note on an absolute constant of Khintchine,” Amer. Math. Monthly 46 (1939), 148-152. · Zbl 0021.02004
[15] Leonard Lewin, Polylogarithms and associated functions, North-Holland Publishing Co., New York-Amsterdam, 1981. With a foreword by A. J. Van der Poorten. · Zbl 0465.33001
[16] Harald Niederreiter, Random number generation and quasi-Monte Carlo methods, CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics, vol. 63, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA, 1992. · Zbl 0761.65002
[17] N. Nielsen, Die Gammafunktion, Princeton University Press, 1949.
[18] S. Plouffe, personal communication.
[19] C. Ryll-Nardzewski, “On the ergodic theorems (I,II),” Studia Math. 12 (1951) 65-79. ;
[20] Daniel Shanks and J. W. Wrench Jr., Khintchine’s constant, Amer. Math. Monthly 66 (1959), 276 – 279. · Zbl 0089.04102 · doi:10.2307/2309633
[21] P. Shiu, Computation of continued fractions without input values, Math. Comp. 64 (1995), no. 211, 1307 – 1317. · Zbl 0834.11004
[22] C.L. Siegel, Transcendental numbers, Chelsea, New York, 1965. · Zbl 0039.04402
[23] Karl R. Stromberg, Introduction to classical real analysis, Wadsworth International, Belmont, Calif., 1981. Wadsworth International Mathematics Series. · Zbl 0454.26001
[24] Ilan Vardi, Computational recreations in Mathematica, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Advanced Book Program, Redwood City, CA, 1991. · Zbl 0786.11002
[25] T. Wieting, personal communication.
[26] John W. Wrench Jr., Further evaluation of Khintchine’s constant, Math. Comp. 14 (1960), 370 – 371. · Zbl 0100.13207
[27] J. W. Wrench and D. Shanks, “Questions concerning Khintchine’s constant and the efficient computation of regular continued fractions,” Math. Comp. 20 (1966), 444-448. · Zbl 0222.65006
[28] D. Zagier, personal communication.
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.