This paper presents the researches of the celebrated Italian mathematician Vito Volterra (1860-1940) about some concrete problems of exterior ballistics. Volterra’s contributions to this field were favoured by his participation in the First World War. His main results are included in a detailed study published in 1916 in Rend. Istit. Centrale Aeronautico. In this paper he proposed various mathematical models that allow the prediction of the motion of the particular missiles under the consideration of suitable degree of accuracy. He studied the differential equations of motion that depend on many aerodynamic coefficients by constructing approximate solutions and the corresponding tables of variations and differential corrections. The author of this paper exposes the results of V. Volterra and refers also to the contributions to exterior ballistics of other important Italian mathematicians (M. Picone, G. Fubini, F. Severi) in the period 1916-1918. The paper includes a brief biography of Vito Volterra.