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Instantons and geometric invariant theory. (English) Zbl 0581.14008

By the theorem of Atiyah-Ward (anti-)self-dual Yang-Mills potentials on \(S^ 4\) correspond to certain holomorphic vector bundles on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 3({\mathbb{C}})\) via the twistor fibering \({\mathbb{P}}_ 3({\mathbb{C}})\to S^ 4\). In this paper a new correspondence is established by considering instead holomorphic vector bundles on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 2({\mathbb{C}})\) with a trivialization on a fixed line. More precisely let G be one of the groups SU(r), SO(r), Sp(r) and let M(G,k) be the set of isomorphism classes of pairs (A,\(\alpha)\), where A is a (anti-)self-dual G-connection on a G- principal bundle over \(S^ 4={\mathbb{R}}^ 4\cup \{\infty \}\) with Pontrjagin index k, and \(\alpha\) is a trivialization \(P_{\infty}\simeq G\). On the other hand let \(VB(G_{{\mathbb{C}}},k)\) be the set of isomorphism classes of holomorphic \(G_{{\mathbb{C}}}\)-vector bundles E on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 2({\mathbb{C}})\) with Chern classes \(c_ 1=0\), \(c_ 2=k\), where \(G_{{\mathbb{C}}}\) is the complexification of G, together with a trivialization \(E| \ell_{\infty}\simeq \ell_{\infty}\times {\mathbb{C}}^ 2\) on the line at infinity. It is proved that there is a natural bijection M(G,k)\(\to_{\approx}VB(G_{{\mathbb{C}}},k)\). The proof is given for \(G=SU(r)\) by analyzing the matrices in monad descriptions of the bundles on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 2({\mathbb{C}})\) and of the bundles on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 3({\mathbb{C}})\) which correspond to the connections by the Atiyah-Ward correspondence. The point is that: (1) the structure of the matrices is simplified considerably by fixing a trivalization of \(E| \ell_{\infty}\), and that (2) the reality condition for instanton bundles on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 3({\mathbb{C}})\) is exactly that for the vanishing of the moment map \(\mu\) associated to the natural group action of GL(k,\({\mathbb{C}})\) on the space \(W\subset {\mathbb{C}}^ N\) of the monad matrices for \(VB(G_{{\mathbb{C}}},k)\). Then by the result of Kempf-Ness on closest points on orbits of stable points it follows that \(VB(G_{{\mathbb{C}}},k)=W/GL(k,{\mathbb{C}})\) is in bijection with \((\mu^{- 1}(0)\cap W)/U(k)=M(G,k)\). As a corollary M(G,k) inherits a complex algebraic structure. It would be interesting to know whether \(VB(G_{{\mathbb{C}}},k)\) is smooth. Since the above bijection should at least be topological it follows from the connectivity of \(VB(G_{{\mathbb{C}}},k)\), which is inherited from that of the usual moduli spaces M(0,k) of stable bundles on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 2({\mathbb{C}})\), that also M(G,k) is connected.
Reviewer: G.Trautmann

MSC:

14F05 Sheaves, derived categories of sheaves, etc. (MSC2010)
81T08 Constructive quantum field theory
14D20 Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of vector bundles
32L10 Sheaves and cohomology of sections of holomorphic vector bundles, general results
14L30 Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients)
14L24 Geometric invariant theory
53C05 Connections (general theory)
Full Text: DOI

References:

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