wn
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of one.
2-lit.
- (transitive) to open (a door)
c. 1401 BCE,
Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 9:
- wn.n n.k ꜥꜣwj m bntjw
- We open the double doors to you as baboons.
- (intransitive) to open up, to permit access to oneself, to open the door (+ n: for (someone))
- (transitive) to open (a container)
- (transitive, rare) to unlatch (a bolt or latch)
- (transitive) to open the way into (a place), to open up, to make (a building, fortress, city, sanctum, tomb, cavern, land, the sky, the underworld, etc.) freely accessible
- (transitive) to open (a path), to make traversable
c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE,
Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23:
- wꜣt zš.tj mṯnw wn(.w)
- The road is traversable, the paths are open.
- (transitive) to spread wide, to open (one’s hands, arms, etc.)
- (transitive) to open (one’s eyes, nose, mouth, etc.)
- (transitive) to stretch (one’s legs) out for walking
- (transitive, Late Egyptian) to let (someone) out of confinement, to release
- (transitive, Late Egyptian, of thieves) to break in to, to forcibly open (a building)
- (reflexive) to become open, to open
Conjugation of wn (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: wn, geminated stem: wnn
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
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wn
|
wnw, wn
|
wnt
|
wn, j.wn
|
wn, j.wn
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
wn
|
ḥr wn
|
m wn
|
r wn
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
wn.n
|
wnw, wn
|
consecutive
|
wn.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
wnt
|
| perfective3
|
wn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
wn.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
wn, j.wn1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
wn
|
wnn
|
potentialis1
|
wn.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
wn, j.wn1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
wn.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
wn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
wn
|
wnn, wnnj6, wn2, wnw2 5, wny2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.wn1, wn, wny, wnw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
j.wn1, j.wnw1 5, wn, wnj6, wny6
|
wn, wnw5
|
| prospective
|
wn, wntj7
|
—
|
wntj4, wnt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wn
|
|
|
|
|
| wn
|
wn
|
wn
|
wn
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
|
|
|
abbreviation
|
abbreviation
|
m
- (Late Egyptian) opening of a door
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wn
m
- fault, blame
Declension of wn (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wn
m
- desert hare
- Synonym: sẖꜥt
pl 1. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- Late Egyptian variant of n (“we”)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wn
- “wn (lemma ID 46060)”, “wn (lemma ID 46070)”, “wn (lemma ID 46080)”, “wn (lemma ID 46110)”, and “wn (lemma ID 46020)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 307.9, 311.2–312.12, 314.7–314.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 60–61
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 169, 295, 298.
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77
- ^ Alternatively, taking m as imperative (j)m: ‘…the place of the calm man is broad. Don’t speak!’ The first clause can also be interpreted in two different ways. If n represents the preposition n, then ‘The tent is open to the quiet man’; but if it represents the genitival adjective n(j), then ‘The tent of the quiet man is open’. The first interpretation is more appealing semantically, but the second is favored by parallelism with the following clause.
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 16
wn (feminine wna, masculine plural wnes, feminine plural wnas) (abbreviation)
- (Chile, informal, Internet slang, text messaging) Contraction of huevón.
wn
- Soft mutation of gwn.
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
