incubus

From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) +‎ cubō (“to lie down”)).

• (UK, General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/, /ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/

• Audio (US):

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• Homophone: incubous

incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)

1. (mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep.

   Coordinate term: succubus

   Hypernyms: evil spirit, spirit

2. A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare.

   Synonym: nightmare

   • Burton with W.H. Gass, The Anatomy of Melancholy, NYRB Classics ser. (New York: New York Review Books, 2001, orig. 1932), →ISBN, vol. 1, p. 249:

     it increaseth fearful dreams, incubus, night-walking, crying out, and much unquietness  […] .

3. (by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden.
   • August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, "The Treader of the Dust":

     Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition.

   • 1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82:

     Ahead of us the lowering smoke-screen of Leeds and her gloomy satellites hung like an incubus over the land.

   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 132–3:

     Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.

4. (entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae.

• incubous
• succubus

• incubus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubo (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubare (“to lie upon, to hatch”).

incubus m (plural incubussen or incubi, diminutive incubusje n)

1. an incubus (evil spirit)
2. a nightmare (horrible dream)
3. a burden, obsession, yoke

• (nightmare) nachtmerrie

• succubus m

From incubō¹ (“I lie upon”, “I brood over”, “I am a burden to”), perhaps via an alteration of the Classical incubō² (“incubus”, “nightmare”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈin.ku.bus/, [ˈɪŋkʊbʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈin.ku.bus/, [ˈiŋkubus]

incubus m (genitive incubī); second declension

1. (Late Latin) the nightmare, incubus

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Augustine of Hippo to this entry?)

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Isidore of Seville to this entry?)

Second-declension noun.

• (nightmare, incubus): incubitor, incubō

• Dutch: incubus
• English: incubus
• French: incube
• German: Incubus
• Italian: incubo
• Portuguese: íncubo
• Romanian: incub
• Russian: инку́б (inkúb)
• Spanish: íncubo

• “incŭbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• INCUBI in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• incŭbus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 801/1.
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “incubo (genet. -onis), incubus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 524/2