apprendre
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French apprendre, from Old French aprendre, aprandre, inherited from Latin apprendere, contracted form of apprehendere, present active infinitive of apprehendō. Doublet of appréhender, which was borrowed.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]apprendre
- to learn
- Grâce à vous, j’en apprends tous les jours.
- Thanks to you, I learn every day.
- to teach
- Synonyms: enseigner, instruire
- Aujourd’hui je vais vous apprendre quelques mots hawaïens.
- Today I am going to teach you some Hawaiian words.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter II:
- À ces sottises, il en ajoutait cent autres, toutes à la manière de celles que ses livres lui avaient apprises, imitant de son mieux leur langage.
- To these foolish sayings, he added a hundred others, all in the manner of those that his books had taught him, imitating to the best of his ability their language.
Conjugation
[edit]This verb is conjugated on the model of prendre. That means it is quite irregular, with the following patterns:
- In the infinitive, in the singular forms of the present indicative, and in the future and the conditional, it is conjugated like rendre, perdre, etc. (sometimes called the regular -re verbs).
- In the plural forms of the present indicative and imperative, in the imperfect indicative, in the present subjunctive, and in the present participle, it is conjugated like appeler or jeter, using the stem apprenn- before mute 'e' and the stem appren- elsewhere.
- In the past participle, and in the past historic and the imperfect subjunctive, its conjugation resembles that of mettre.
Conjugation of apprendre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | apprendre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | apprenant /a.pʁə.nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | appris /a.pʁi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | apprends /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
apprends /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
apprend /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
apprenons /a.pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
apprenez /a.pʁə.ne/ |
apprennent /a.pʁɛn/ |
imperfect | apprenais /a.pʁə.nɛ/ |
apprenais /a.pʁə.nɛ/ |
apprenait /a.pʁə.nɛ/ |
apprenions /a.pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
appreniez /a.pʁə.nje/ |
apprenaient /a.pʁə.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | appris /a.pʁi/ |
appris /a.pʁi/ |
apprit /a.pʁi/ |
apprîmes /a.pʁim/ |
apprîtes /a.pʁit/ |
apprirent /a.pʁiʁ/ | |
future | apprendrai /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
apprendras /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
apprendra /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
apprendrons /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
apprendrez /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
apprendront /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | apprendrais /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
apprendrais /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
apprendrait /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
apprendrions /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
apprendriez /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
apprendraient /a.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | apprenne /a.pʁɛn/ |
apprennes /a.pʁɛn/ |
apprenne /a.pʁɛn/ |
apprenions /a.pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
appreniez /a.pʁə.nje/ |
apprennent /a.pʁɛn/ |
imperfect2 | apprisse /a.pʁis/ |
apprisses /a.pʁis/ |
apprît /a.pʁi/ |
apprissions /a.pʁi.sjɔ̃/ |
apprissiez /a.pʁi.sje/ |
apprissent /a.pʁis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | apprends /a.pʁɑ̃/ |
— | apprenons /a.pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
apprenez /a.pʁə.ne/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]- apprenable
- apprendre par cœur ("to memorize")
- ce n’est pas à un vieux singe qu’on apprend à faire des grimaces
- on en apprend tous les jours
Related terms
[edit]Paronyms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “apprendre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French aprendre, aprandre.
Verb
[edit]apprendre
- to learn
Descendants
[edit]- French: apprendre
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French aprandre, aprendre, from Latin apprendere, variant of apprehendere, present active infinitive of apprehendō (“grasp, understand, comprehend”).
Verb
[edit]apprendre
- (Guernsey, Jersey) to learn
- 1903, Edgar MacCulloch, “Proverbs, Weather Sayings, etc.”, in Guernsey Folk Lore[1], page 513:
- Apprins au ber, dure jusqu'au ver.
- What is learnt in the cradle goes with one to the grave.
- (Jersey) to teach
- Synonym: ensîngni
Derived terms
[edit]- apprendre par tchoeu (“to learn by heart”)
Related terms
[edit]- êtudier (“to study”)
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/ɑ̃dʁ
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French terms with quotations
- French third group verbs
- French irregular verbs
- French contranyms
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms inherited from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Latin
- Norman lemmas
- Norman verbs
- Guernsey Norman
- Jersey Norman
- Norman terms with quotations
- nrf:Education