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Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space
Version 1
: Received: 5 July 2022 / Approved: 7 July 2022 / Online: 7 July 2022 (09:23:27 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 14 July 2022 / Approved: 15 July 2022 / Online: 15 July 2022 (12:09:47 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 17 July 2022 / Approved: 18 July 2022 / Online: 18 July 2022 (10:23:23 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 17 August 2022 / Approved: 19 August 2022 / Online: 19 August 2022 (04:35:00 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (16:14:30 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 15 December 2023 / Approved: 15 December 2023 / Online: 18 December 2023 (06:27:08 CET)
Version 7 : Received: 9 June 2024 / Approved: 10 June 2024 / Online: 11 June 2024 (08:51:38 CEST)
Version 8 : Received: 25 September 2024 / Approved: 26 September 2024 / Online: 26 September 2024 (09:52:37 CEST)
Version 9 : Received: 1 October 2024 / Approved: 2 October 2024 / Online: 2 October 2024 (11:58:19 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 9 October 2024 / Approved: 10 October 2024 / Online: 10 October 2024 (15:18:32 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 14 July 2022 / Approved: 15 July 2022 / Online: 15 July 2022 (12:09:47 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 17 July 2022 / Approved: 18 July 2022 / Online: 18 July 2022 (10:23:23 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 17 August 2022 / Approved: 19 August 2022 / Online: 19 August 2022 (04:35:00 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (16:14:30 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 15 December 2023 / Approved: 15 December 2023 / Online: 18 December 2023 (06:27:08 CET)
Version 7 : Received: 9 June 2024 / Approved: 10 June 2024 / Online: 11 June 2024 (08:51:38 CEST)
Version 8 : Received: 25 September 2024 / Approved: 26 September 2024 / Online: 26 September 2024 (09:52:37 CEST)
Version 9 : Received: 1 October 2024 / Approved: 2 October 2024 / Online: 2 October 2024 (11:58:19 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 9 October 2024 / Approved: 10 October 2024 / Online: 10 October 2024 (15:18:32 CEST)
How to cite: Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2 Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2
Abstract
We propose a cosmological model in which the Big Bang was not the beginning of space and time; there was a previous phase leading up to it, with multiple cycles of contraction and expansion that repeat indefinitely; from big bang to big crunch. The observed accelerated expansion, which relates the change in the space, to change in the stretching of shrink space for the new theory, is derived. As pressure of shrink space decreases, the expansion of space increases, that is although in general, decelerate in the pressure of shrink space leads to accelerate the stretching of space. (pressure of shrink space approaching zero at the end of accelerated expansion, or when all the shrinked space stretches), after that a period of slow contraction begins, thus bringing the universe back to contract to its initial state, ending in a Big Crunch. The universe will not always continue to expanding, no need however, for dark energy. The new definition of eternal space enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch.
Keywords
Quantum Space; Big Bang Cosmology; Cyclic Eternal Universe; Gravitational Force; Shrink Space
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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