Teo's Reviews > Positive Psychology Pnie

2016.01.18–2016.02.06

Contents

Baumgardner S & Crothers M (2008) Positive Psychology

01. What is Positive Psychology?
• Traditional Psychology
• • Why the Negative Focus?
• • • Negative Aspects Perceived as More Authentic and "Real"
• • • Negatives as More Important
• • • The Disease Model
• Positive Psychology
• • Health Psychology
• • Focus on Research: Living Longer Through Positive Emotions–The Nun Study
• • Clinical Psychology
• • Developmental Psychology
• • Survey Research and Subjective Well-Being
• • Social/Personal Psychology and the Psychology of Religion
• Positive Psychology: Assumptions, Goals, and Definitions
• • Life Above Zero
• • Culture and the Meaning of a Good Life
• • Why Now?
• Two Final Notes
• • Positive Psychology Is Not Opposed to Psychology
• • Positive Psychology and the Status Quo

02. The Meaning and Measure of Happiness
• Why a Psychology of Well-Being?
• • Objective versus Subjective Measures
• • Negative versus Positive Functioning
• What is Happiness? Two Traditions
• • Hedonic Happiness
• • Eudaimonic Happiness
• • Focus on Research: Positive Affect and a Meaningful Life
• Subjective Well-Being: The Hedonic Basis of Happiness
• • Measuring Subjective Well-Being
• • Life Satisfaction
• • Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Happiness
• • Focus on Research: Is Your Future Revealed in Your Smile?
• • Issues in the Study of Affect
• • Global Measures of Happiness
• • Reliability and Validity of Subjective Well-Being Measures
• • Experience Sampling Method
• • Focus on Method: How Do We Spend Our Time?
• • • The Day Reconstruction Method
• • Experience Sampling versus Global Measures of Subjective Well-Being
• Self-Realization: The Eudaimonic Basis of Happiness
• • Psychological Well-Being and Positive Functioning
• • • Emotional Well-Being
• • • Psychological Well-Being
• • • Social Well-Being
• • Need Fulfillment and Self-Determination Theory
• • Focus on Research: What Makes a "Good" Day?
• Comparing Hedonic and Eudaimonic Views of Happiness
• • Definition and Causes of Happiness and Well-Being
• • Complementarity and Interrelationship

03. Positive Emotions and Well-Being
• What are Positive Emotions?
• • Focus on Theory: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions
• • • Positive Emotions Broaden Our Thought-Action Repertoires
• • • Positive Emotions Undo Negative Emotions
• • • Positive Emotions Enhance Resilience
• • • Positive Emotions Build Enduring Resources and Improve Well-Being
• Positive Emotions and Health Resources
• • Physical Resources
• • Psychological Resources
• • • Positive Emotions and Coping with Stress
• • Focus on Application: Finding the Positive in the Negative
• • • Positive Reappraisal
• • • Problem-Focused Coping
• • • Infusing Ordinary Activities with Positive Meaning
• • • Positive Traits and Health
• • Social Resources
• • The Limits of Positive Emotions
• Positive Emotions and Well-Being
• • Happiness and Positive Behaviors
• • Positive Emotions and Success
• • Positive Emotions and Flourishing
• • • A General Theory of Positivity?
• Cultivating Positive Emotions
• • Flow Experiences
• • Savoring

04. Resilience
• What is Resilience?
• • Developmental Perspectives
• • Clinical Perspectives
• Resilience Research
• • Sources of Resilience
• • The Dangers of Blaming the Victim
• • Sources of Resilience in Children
• • Focus on Research: Resilience Among Disadvantaged Youth
• • Sources of Resilience in Adulthood and Later Life
• • Successful Aging
• Growth Through Trauma
• • Negative Effects of Trauma
• • Positive Effects of Trauma
• • Explanations for Growth Through Trauma
• • Focus on Research: In their Own Words–Making Sense of Loss

05. Happiness and the Facts of Life
• Happiness Across the Life Span
• • Focus on Research: Happiness and Where We Live
• • Stability in Well-Being Despite Life Changes
• • • Temperament and Subjective Well-Being
• • • Frequency, Intensity, and Balance of Positive and Negative Emotions
• • • Measurement and Definitional Issues
• • • The Shifting Basis of Life Satisfaction
• Gender and Happiness
• • Gender Differences in Emotional Experience
• • • Negative Emotions
• • • Positive Moods and Behaviors
• • Explaining the Paradox of Gender
• Marriage and Happiness
• • Benefits of Marriage
• • Selection Effects
• • Focus on Research: Are We Still Happy After the Honeymoon?
• • Gender Differences in the Benefits of Marriage
• Other Facts of Life
• • Physical and Mental Health
• • Work and Unemployment
• • Intelligence and Education
• • Religion
• • Race, Ethnicity, and Stigma

06. Money, Happiness and Culture
• "The Paradox of Affluence"
• Well-Being Across Nations
• • Between-Nations Comparisons
• • Within-Nation Comparisons
• Interpreting National Comparisons
• Understanding Money and Happiness
• • Focus on Research: Do Happy People Make More Money?
• • Why Doesn't Money Matter More?
• • • Genetics, Personality, and Relationships
• • • Adaptation and the Hedonic Treadmill
• • Focus on Research: Adaptation to Extreme Events–Lottery Winners and Accident Victims
• • • Rising Expectations and the "Tyranny of the Unnecessary"
• • • Social Comparisons
• • • Excessive Materialism
• The Meaning of Happiness: Relative or Universal?
• Culture and Well-Being
• • The Self in Individualistic and Collectivist Cultures
• • Culture and the Meaning of Happiness
• • The American-Individualistic Style of Happiness
• • The Asian-Collectivist Style of Happiness
• • • Cultural Ideals
• • • Emotional Expressiveness
• • • Group Pride and Sensitivity
• • • Self-Critical Attitudes
• • • False Humility or Social Sensitivity?

07. Personal Goals as Windows to Well-Being
• Goals Connect "Having" and "Doing"
• What are Personal Goals?
• • Defining Personal Goals
• • Goals and Related Motivational Concepts
• • Measuring Personal Goals
• • Goal Organization
• The Search for Universal Human Motives
• • Goals and the Fulfillment of Basic Human Needs
• • Focus on Research: An Empirical Method for Assessing Universal Needs
• • Goals Expressing Fundamental Values
• • Personal Goals Across Cultures
• • • Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Goals
• • • Physical versus Self-Transcendent Goals
• The Personalization of Goals in Self-Concept
• What Goals Contribute Most to Well-Being?
• • Goal Progress, Achievement, and Importance
• • The Matching Hypothesis
• • What Explains the Matching Hypothesis?
• • • Personal Goals and Self-Realization
• • • Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Goals
• • • Autonomous versus Controlled Motivation
• • Focus on Research: Happiness and Success in College
• Materialism and Its Disconcents
• • Why Are Materialists Unhappy?
• • • The Content of Materialistic Goals
• • • The What and Why of Materialistic Goals
• • • Compensation for Insecurity
• • Why Do People Adopt Materialistic Values?
• • • Consumer Culture
• • • Psychological Insecurity
• • • Materialism and Death
• • Affluence and Materialism
• • Are We All Materialists?

08. Self-Regulation and Control
• The Value of Self-Control
• Personal Goals and Self-Regulation
• • Control Theory
• • Self-Discrepancy Theory
• Planning for Self-Regulation Success
• • Focus on Research: Planning Makes a Difference
• • Why Planning Helps
• • • Automatic Activation of Goal Behaviors
• • • Conserving Self-Control Resources
• • Commitment and Confidence
• Goals That Create Self-Regulation Problems
• • Approach versus Avoidance Goals
• • • Why Avoidance Goals are Difficult to Regulate
• • Goal Conflict
• • "Trivial Pursuits" and "Magnificent Obsessions"
• • Focus on Theory: Thinking About the Meaning of Our Actions
• • • Individual Differences in Goal Level Identification
• • Goal Difficulty
• • The Ironic Effects of Mental Control
• • • Mental Load and the Paradoxes of Control
• Everyday Explanations for Self-Control Failure
• • Excuses
• • • What Makes a Good Excuse?
• • • Advantages of Excuses
• • • Disadvantages of Excuses
• • Irresistible Impulses
• • • Beliefs About Self-Control
• • • Activation of Impulsive and Reflective Control Systems
• • • Individual Differences in Self-Control
• • • Resisting Temptations
• • Focus on Research: The Costs and Benefits of Procrastination
• Goal Disengagement

09. Positive Traits
• What Makes a Trait Positive?
• Personality, Emotions, and Biology
• • Positive and Negative Affectivity
• • Genetics and Happiness
• • Personality and Happiness: The "Big Five"
• • • Teasing Out Cause and Effect
• • • Personality and Eudaimonic Well-Being
• • Neurobiology and Approach/Avoidance Motives
• • Genetics and Change
• Positive Beliefs
• • The World Through Happy and Unhappy Eyes
• • Self-Esteem
• • • Self-Esteem and Happiness
• • • Is Self-Esteem All You Need?
• • • The Darker Side of Self-Esteem
• • Personal Control
• • Optimism
• • • Dispositional Optimism
• • • Optimism as Explanatory Style
• • • How Optimism Works
• • • Varieties of Optimism and Pessimism
• • Focus on Research and Theory: Unresolved Issues in the Study of Optimism
• • Positive Illusions

10. Virtue and Strengths of Character
• Developing a Classification of Human Virtues
• • Measuring Strengths of Character
• Wisdom as a Foundational Strength and Virtue
• • What is Wisdom?
• • Theories of Wisdom
• • • Balance Theory
• • • Wisdom as Expert Knowledge in the Conduct of Life
• • Wisdom in Action: The SOC Model of Effective Life Management
• • Focus on Theory: Wisdom or Self-control as Master Virtues?
• Transcendence: Religion and Spirituality
• • The Search for Meaning
• • Religion and Spirituality: The Diversity of Views
• • Defining Religion and Spirituality
• • Religion/Spirituality and Well-Being
• • Religious Orientation
• • • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religious Orientation
• • • Quest Religious Orientation
• • Attachment Theory and Relationship to God
• • Styles of Religious Coping
• • "Explaining Religion versus Explaining Religion Away"
• Religion and Virtue
• • Forgiveness
• • Gratitude
• • Focus on Research: Increasing Well-Being by Counting Your Blessings

11. Close Relationships and Well-Being
• Defining Close Relationships
• • Characteristics
• • Exchange and Communal Relationships
• On the Lighter Side
• • Teasing and Humor
• • Focus on Research: Sharing What Goes Right in Life
• Friendship and Romantic Love
• • Clarity of Rules
• • Complexity of Feelings
• • Expectations
• Varieties of Love
• • Passionate versus Companionate Love
• • Triangular Theory of Love
• Cultural Contexts of Love, Marriage, and Divorce
• • Why Don't Marriages Last?
• • • Increased Freedom and Decreased Constraints
• • • Getting Married and Staying Married: Is Love the Answer?
• • • Realism or Idealism?
• • • Satisfaction and Conflict
• What People Bring to Romantic Relationships
• • Attachment Style
• • Conflict and Communication Skills
• • Focus on Research: The Power of the "Bad"
• • Attributions
• • Implicit Theories and Expectations
• Food for Thought: Contours of a Happy Marriage
• • What Can Happy Couples Tell Us?
• • Humor and Compatibility

References
Index