Wei Wenbo
Wei Wenbo | |
|---|---|
魏文伯 | |
 | |
| Minister of Justice of the People's Republic of China | |
| In office 13 September 1979 – 3 May 1982 | |
| Preceded by | Shi Liang |
| Succeeded by | Liu Fuzhi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 9, 1905 Xinzhou, Wuhan |
| Died | November 15, 1987 (aged 82) Shanghai |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
Wei Wenbo (Chinese: 魏文伯; pinyin: Wèi Wénbó; 1905–1987) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician who played an extensive role in the building of China's legal system.[1] He was purged at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution but was later rehabilitated.
Biography
[edit]Early life and activism
[edit]Wei Wenbo was born in Xinzhou, Wuhan (then part of Huanggang), Hubei, China on the 9th of March, 1905.[2] In 1925, he joined Communist Youth League of China and organised a farmers' union in his hometown. He then joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in August of 1926. His activities as the Organisation Department head of his local party branch included leading the workers of Yangluo in demanding better working conditions and organising an armed workers' self-defence team.[3][4]
In 1927, Wei gave up his opportunity to study in the Soviet Union following the failure of the July 15 Incident, transferred his self defence team and farmers' union's arms and resources to He Long's army and proceeded to join the Nanchang Uprising. After the uprising's failure, he returned to his native province and continued the underground struggle during the country's white terror in Yichang.[4]
In 1929, Wei entered Beiping Yuwen University as a student and subsequently involved himself in the revolutionary activities in Beiping (now Beijing) by becoming the Secretary of the university's underground party branch, and later as the Secretary-General of the CCP's Beiping Municipal Committee in 1930.[3][4] During his time in Beiping, he was arrested three times by Kuomintang forces.[2]
In the Summer of 1933, Wei joined Feng Yuxiang's Counter-Japanese Army on the party's orders, serving as the Secretary of its Military Committee.[3] In 1936, he covertly joined the Northeastern Army in Xi'an on the party's orders. He actively promoted Mao Zedong's anti-Japanese national united front policy as the propaganda member of the Northeast Army Party Working Committee, and supported the Communists in the Xi'an Incident.[2][3][4]
Outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Revolution
[edit]During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he played a vital role organising resistance efforts against the invading Japanese forces as the Party Committee Secretary for Yingshan County within his native province after returning from Shaanxi. In 1940, he led the war effort around the Henan and Anhui border areas as the magistrate of Dingyuan County and a Commander of the New Fourth Army.[5][6]
Following the continuation of the Chinese Civil War in 1946, Wei served as the Leader of the Civil Affairs Department of the CCP Central Committee's East China Bureau.[6]
After the founding of the People's Republic
[edit]After the Founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as the Secretary-General of the CCP Central Committee's East China Bureau and Chief Prosecutor of the East China Procuratorate. In 1952, he founded and became the President of the East China University of Political Science and Law. He was made both the Deputy Minister of Justice and the Secretary of the Joint Party Group of the Supreme People's Court in 1953, making him China's first ever Deputy Minister of Justice.[2]
Wei was transferred to the Shanghai Government in 1955. He served as the Secretary of the CCP Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretariat and Vice Chairman of the Shanghai CPPCC. He simultaneously served as the Leader of the CCP Central Committee Leading Group for Snail Fever Control, coordinating research, medical and partaking in countless on-the-ground efforts to contain the disease, playing an important role in its eradication in China.[7][8]
In 1961, Wei's work was transferred to the East China Bureau again. He first served as its Alternate Secretary and then served as the Secretary of the East China Bureau under First Secretary Ke Qingshi. After Ke's death in 1965, Wei, alongside his comrades Chen Pixian and Cao Diqiu succeeded him as the Bureau's top leaders, effectively establishing themselves as the most influential people in the East China Administrative Region.
In 1967, Wei was ousted from power during the January Storm alongside the rest of the Municipal Committee by radical elements led by members of the Gang of Four. Wei was subject to public humiliation in the form of struggle sessions, and was branded as a 'traitor' by the Gang. He spent much of the Cultural Revolution under house arrest as a result .[2]
Three years after the end of the Cultural Revolution, Wei was thoroughly rehabilitated by the party and resumed work by joining Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and served as its Deputy Secretary before being promoted to Secretary-General of the CCDI in 1979. He became the Minister of Justice in the same year.[1] Wei's tenure as the Justice Minister was marked by the Trial of the Gang of Four and the restoration of the then non-existent legal system.[2] Following his rehabilitation, he was also a representative to the 12th National Congress of the CCP, and a member of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission (CPLC).[9]
After retiring from his major posts in 1982, he was chosen to serve on the Central Advisory Commission (CAC) in October of 1983, and was invited to the 13th National Congress of the CCP.[9]
Illness and death
[edit]Wei had suffered from strokes as early as 1980, as a result of overworking himself, feeling the need to make up for lost time after a decade of imprisonment.[2] He initiated a proposal for his withdrawal from the CAC in 1985 at a party conference. He attended the 13th National Congress of the CCP as a special invitee despite his deteriorating health.[9][4]
Wei Wenbo died in Shanghai due to illness on the 15th of November, 1987, aged 82. He was euologised with standard honours bestowed onto high-ranking members of the CCP. Wei's remains were transferred to Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.[4]
Personal life
[edit]He was married to a fellow Chinese revolutionary, Li Jingyi. Li was notably a relative of Li Hongzhang.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Ministries from 1949 - Justice". rulers.org. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g ""先天下之忧而忧"_新闻中心_新浪网". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
- ^ a b c d "市场星报社多媒体数字报刊平台". www.ahscb.com. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ a b c d e f "人民日报 1987-12-01电子版,人民日报历史". cn.govopendata.com. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ "口述：魏文伯在定远鲜为人知的故事". www.dyxzx.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
- ^ a b "新四军-新四军人物". www.n4a.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ Gross, Miriam (2016). Farewell to the God of Plague: Chairman Mao's Campaign to Deworm China (1 ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-28883-6. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt19632f6.
- ^ "再读毛泽东的《送瘟神》-2020年第8期-群众网". www.qunzh.com. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ a b c "魏文伯". www.ecupl.edu.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ "寻访李静一--新安晚报". epaper.ahwang.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
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