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Quinault language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Quinault
Kʷínaył
Native toUnited States
RegionOlympic Peninsula, Washington
Ethnicity1,500 Quinault people (1977)[1]
Extinct1996[1]
half a dozen know some vocabulary (2007)[1]
Revivalrevival efforts underway[1][2][3]
Salishan
  • Coast
    • Tsamosan
      • Maritime
        • Quinault
Language codes
ISO 639-3qun
Glottologquin1251

Quinault (Kʷínaył) is a member of the Tsamosan (Olympic) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. It is extinct, but efforts are being taken to revitalize it.

Phonology

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Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
central sibilant lateral plain lab. plain lab.
Plosive/
Affricate
plain p t ts k q ʔ
ejective tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʷʼ qʷʼ
voiced ɡ[a]
Fricative voiceless s ɬ ʃ x χ χʷ h
voiced ɣ[a]
Sonorant m n l j w
  1. ^ a b A voiced fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be heard as a voiced stop [ɡ].
  • Sounds /w, j, l/ can be heard as voiceless [w̥, j̊, l̥] when within voiceless positions.
  • /xʷ/ may also be pronounced as [ʍ] in free variation.[4]

Vowels are represented as /i, ɛ, ə, a, ɔ, u/ and /iː aː/.[5][4]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ ə ɔ
Open a

An alternative phonology is as follows:

Quinault vowels[6]
Front Central Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ
Mid e ə o
Open a

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Quinault at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Language Department". Quinault Indian Nation, WA. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  3. ^ Terry-itewaste 2016, pp. 17–20.
  4. ^ a b Modrow, Ruth (1971). The Quinault dictionary. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. pp. 365–386.
  5. ^ Hajda, Yvonne (1990). "Southwestern Coast Salish". In Suttles, Wayne (ed.). Northwest Coast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 503–517.
  6. ^ Terry-itewaste 2016, p. 27.

References

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Further reading

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  • Modrow, Ruth (1967). Introduction to the Quinault language. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. LCCN 68000947. OCLC 430013.
  • Modrow, Ruth (1971). The Quinault dictionary. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. OCLC 1023433458.