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Kooko

Ɛfi Wikipedia
Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu
Kooko
class of disease
health specialtygeneral surgery Sesa
drug or therapy used for treatmentbenzocaine, cortisol, phenylephrine, pramoxine, Euphorbia prostrata Sesa
ICD-9-CM455, 455.8 Sesa
ICPC 2 IDK96 Sesa
NCI Thesaurus IDC26792 Sesa

Hemorrhoids (anaa haemorrhoids), a wɔsan frɛ no kooko, yɛ yareɛ a ɛsi wɔ yɛ to kwan no mu.[1] Wɔ ne daadaa tebea mu no, ɛyɛ adeɛ bi a ɛyɛ mrɛ a ɛno na ɛboa hwɛ ɔkwan a yɛfa so gya yɛn nan no.[2] Sɛ ɛhono anaa ɛyɛ hye a, ɛno na ɛbɛyɛ yareɛ no; saa berɛ yi no yɛnfrɛ no kooko bio na yɛka sɛ ɛyɛ yareɛ.[3] Kooko ho nsɛnkyerɛnne ne mpopoeɛ no gyina sɛdeɛ ɛteɛ mprenpren no.[4] Mpɛn pii no kooko a ɛsi wɔ nipadua no mu nnyɛ ya,na deɛ wobɛhunu ne sɛ wogya wo nan a wobɛhunu mogya wɔ mu. Na kooko a ɛsi wo to kwan no deɛ,ɛyɛ ya na ɛsan nso ma faako hɔ no hono.[5] Sɛ mogyatuo hyɛ aseɛ a,ɛyɛ a na ɛyɛ tuntum. Sɛ ɛdi nna kakra a,na ɛho mpopoeɛ no dwo kakra.Afei sɛ wɔsa kooko a ɛsi nipadua no ani wie a,ahyɛnsoɔ tuntum bi sisi wedeɛ no ani.[6]

Sɛdeɛ yɛnnim dekodeɛ pɔtee a ɛde kooko ba no, yɛgye di sɛ nneɛma bi na ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛayase.[7] Ɛbi ne ayamtim,ayamtuo, ne sɛ woretena agyananbea so akyɛ sɛ woregya wo nan a.[8] Nyinsɛn mu nso kooko nnyɛ na koraa.[9] Wɔhwɛ faako a yareɛ no wɔ no ansa na wɔasa yareɛ no. Nnipa binom wɔ hɔ a,sɛ wɔhunu mpopoeɛ biara wɔ wɔn to kwan no a,wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kooko nanso na ɛnyɛ nokorɛ,na ɛnsɛsɛ wɔbu wɔani gu deɛ ɛde yareɛ no ho mpopoeɛ ba no so. Wɔgye to mu sɛ colonscopy ne sigmoidoscopy yɛ kwan pa ɛtumi yi deɛ ɛde yareɛ no ba no firi hɔ koraa.[10]

Mpɛn pii no,ɛnhia ayarehwɛ soronko biara.[11] Nhehyɛeɛ a wobɛdi kan ayɛ ne sɛ wobɛdi nhahamma aduane,wobɛnom nsuo beberee, na NSAIDS nso aboa ayi yaw no,ne deɛ ɛkeka ho nyinaa.[12] Wobɛtumi de nnuro a wɔayɛ no nku no ayɛ faako a yareɛ no wɔ no,nanso adwuma a aduro no bɛyɛ no bɛdi adanseɛ ama wɔahunu. Sɛ ɛho mpopoeɛ no ano yɛ den anaa sɛ anya banbɔ papa biara a,wɔbɛtumi afa akwan ahodoɔ so ahwɛ. Wɔyɛ sɛɛgyiri ma wɔn a wɔanyɛ saa nhyehyeɛ yi.[13]

Sɛ yɛhwɛ a, bɛyɛ sɛ nnipa mu ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu aduonum de kɔsi ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu aduosia (50%-66%)na wɔwɔ kooko ho haw wɔ wɔn abrabɔ mu.[14] Mmarima ne mmaa nyinaa nya yareɛ yi bi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Kooko taa nya nnipa a wɔadi aduanannum ne aduosianum ntam,[15] na ɛnyɛ na wɔ adefoɔ mu. Na deɛ ɛfiri mu ba no,ɛyɛ a na ɛyɛ.[16][17]

Yareɛ yi, deɛ ɛdi kan no firi Misrim papyrus bɛyɛ afe apem ahanson ansa na wɔrebɛwo Kristo no(1700BC).

Nsɛnkyerɛnne Ne Mpopoeɛ

[sesa]
An external hemorrhoid

Bɛyɛ nnipa mu ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu aduanan a wɔwɔ yareɛ mmoawa no bi no,yɛnni mpopoeɛ biara a ɛhia.[18] Kooko a ɛsi sɔ nipadua no mu ne deɛ ɛsi wɔ nipadua no ani no mu biara wɔ sɛdeɛ ɛsi ba; nanso yɛwɔ nnipa binom a wɔnya ne mmienu nyinaa. Ɛtumi si sɛ mogyatuo bɛtumi ama wo mogya awe,na ahupoo mogyatuo nso nyɛ na koraa. Nnipa beberee wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ basaa sɛ wɔnya saa haw yi a, na mpɛn pii no sɛ yareɛ no mu yɛ den a na wɔkɔ ayarehwɛ.[19]

Deɛ Ɛde Ba

[sesa]

Deɛ ɛde kooko ankasa ba no deɛ, wɔnnim.[20] Wɔgye di sɛ nneɛma ahodoɔ binom na ɛde ba, a ɛbi ne sɛ worentumi nnya wo nan yie (ayamtim anaa ayamtuo), sɛ wo ntentene wo mpɔ mu, nnuanenuro(nnuane a ahoɔden nni mu), sɛ biribi bɛkɔ so ara ahyɛ w’ayase, mogya mu, sɛ nhoma no bi ayera afiri wo ntini no mu, ne wo nkwamoa ahoɔden a akɔ fam no. Nneɛma binom nso a wɔgye di sɛ ɛyɛ hu ne sradeɛ a adɔɔso wɔ nipadua no mu, afei sɛ wobɛtena ase akyɛ pa ara.[21] Ɛwa koankorɔ, ne sɛ ntini no anaa nnompe no bi antumi anyɛ adwuma.[22] Sɛ wogya wo nan berɛ a wokoto hɔ a,ɛtumi ma wonya kooko a ano yɛ den pa ara. Deɛ ɛdi weinom ho adanseɛ no,nni nyinasoɔ papa biara. Afei obi a ɔma ne ho kwan ma wɔdi ne trumu no,wɔsusu sɛ ɛtumi de kooko ba.[23][24][25] Sɛ ɛduru awoɔ mu a,ɔhyɛ a ɛfiri awodeɛ no ne ayaase ba no tumi ma ntini a ɛwɔ trumu kwan no yɛ kɛse. Sɛ wɔrewo abɔfra nso a,ɛtumi de ɔhyɛ ba ayaase no mu. Mmaa a wɔanyinsɛn hia sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn sɛɛgyiri,sɛdeɛ ɛho mpopoeɛ no yi no adi berɛ a wɔawo awie no.[26]

Nsɔano

[sesa]

Wɔagye nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ binom a ɛsɔ yareɛ no ano ato mu,a ɛbi ne sɛ wonhyɛ wo ho beberee berɛ a woregya wo nan no, wobɛdi nhahanma aduane na wo anom nsuo beberee anaa nhahannuro de asi ayamtim anaa ayamtuo ano na afei wo atentene wo mpɔ mu.[27][28] Sɛ woregya wo nan nso a, ɛnkyɛ beberee wɔ agyananbea hɔ, wobɛgyae akenkan berɛ a wohyɛ agyananbea so, na afei wɔn a wɔn mu yɛ duru no wɔbɛbɔ mmɔden ate wɔn mu duro no so na woagyae nneɛma a ɛmu yɛ duru nso fa.Wei nyinaa no wɔagye ato mu sɛ ɛboa sɔ yareɛ no ano.[29]

Ntotoeɛ

[sesa]

Kwan a wɔma ɛho mpopoeɛ no firi hɔ

Ayarehwɛ a wɔde yi ɛho mpopoeɛ no firi hɔ no bi ne sɛ wobɛdi nnuane a nhahanma wɔ mu,wobɛnom nsuo beberee sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛnya nsuo pii wɔ nipadua no mu,nnuro bi te sɛ nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory nso boa,ne sɛ wobɛtena nsuo a ɛnyɛ hye pii mu, ne deɛ ɛkeka ho nyinaa.[30][31] Wɔahunu sɛ wokɔ so ara di nhahanma a ɛde nsunsuansoɔ papa ba na ɛbɛtumi ayɛ sa ara berɛ a woresesa nnuane no anaa sɛ wobɛnom nhahanma nnuro.Adanseɛ a ɛkyerɛ mfasodeɛ sɛ wobɛtena nsuo a ɛnyɛ hye pii mu wɔ ayarehwɛ mu no reyera. Na sɛ wobɛyɛ a,ɛwɔ sɛ ɛyɛ sima dunnum berɛ biara.Sɛ worenkyɛ wɔ agyananbea so ne sɛ wonhyɛ wo ho bebree nso yɛ.[32]

Ɛpidɛmiolɔgyi

[sesa]

Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtumi ahunu nnipa dodoɔ a wɔwɔ kooko yareɛ yi bi sɛ wɔankɔhunu apɔmuden nipa ma wanhwɛ no a.[33][34]Mmom, wɔahunu sɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ kooko nya nnipa dodoɔ bɛyɛ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu aduonum wɔ US aburokyiman mu wɔ wɔn bra mu, na ɛmu bɛyɛ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu nnum nso ɛtumi nya wɔn berɛ biara. Mmarima ne mmaa nyinaa nya yareɛ no,a ɛhyehyɛ firi wɔn a wɔadi mfeɛ aduanan nnum ne aduosia nnum ntam.[35] Yareɛ yi nyɛ na koraa wɔ Broni fitaa (Caucasian), borɔno so a wɔn mpuntuo kɔ anim no.

Nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛkyɛ no yɛ pa ara,ɛwɔ mu nnipa no bi wɔ hɔ a wɔnya ɛho nsɛnkyerɛnne.Nnipa no mu kakra bi na ɛkɔwie wɔn sɛɛgyiri.

Ahodoɔ Binom A Asi

[sesa]
  • Ɛyɛ afe apem ahankron ne aduowɔtwe no (1980) wɔyii baseball bɔfoɔ George Brett firii akansie mu wɔ Hall-of-fame ɛsiane kooko ho yaw nti.Wɔyɛɛ no sɛɛgyiri wieeɛ no,ɔkɔsii akan wɔ akansie a na ɛdi hɔ no mu, na ɔkaa sɛ "Me haw nyinaa bɛn me".[36] Na Brett sane kɔyɛɛ sɛɛgyiri foforɔ.[37]
  • Ɛyɛ Glenn Beck a ɔyɛ amammuo ho nkyerɛnkyerɛmufoɔ kɔyɛɛ kooko ho sɛɛgyiri, na ɔkyerɛɛ mu nneɛma bi a n’ani anye ho wɔ YouTube mfonini mu wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne nwɔtwe (2008) no mu.[38][39]
  • U.S manpanin dada Jimmy Carter nso kɔyɛɛ kooko ho sɛɛgyiri wɔ afe apem aduowɔtwe ne nnan (1984) no mu.[40]
  • Ɛyɛ Cricketeters Mathew Hayden ne Viv Richards nso faa saa tebea no mu bi.[41]
  • Berɛ a wiase ako a ɛtɔ so mmienu no siiɛ no,General S.Patton yii US ɔsraani Lieutenant Colonel Harold Cohen sɛ ɔnmoa ne ho na ɔnkɔgye Patton asew mfiri German afiase; wɔsii Cohen kwan a wamma no anni dɔm no anim ɛsiane kooko nti. Patton no ara ankasa hwɛɛ Cohen na ɔkaa sɛ, "kafra wɔ wo to no".[42]

Beaeɛ A Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ

[sesa]
  1. ↑ Moonkyung Cho Schubert, Subbaramiah Sridhar, Robert R Schade, Steven D Wexner (2009-07-14), "What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders", World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG, vol. 15, no. 26, pp. 3201–3209, doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3201, ISSN 1007-9327, PMC 2710774, PMID 19598294, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ David E. Beck, Patricia L. Roberts, Theodore J. Saclarides, Anthony J. Senagore, Michael J. Stamos, Yosef Nasseri (2011-06-09), The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery: Second Edition (in English), Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 978-1-4419-1581-8, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ Moonkyung Cho Schubert, Subbaramiah Sridhar, Robert R Schade, Steven D Wexner (2009-07-14), "What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders", World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG, vol. 15, no. 26, pp. 3201–3209, doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3201, ISSN 1007-9327, PMC 2710774, PMID 19598294, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Zhifei Sun, John Migaly (2016-03), "Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management", Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 22–29, doi:10.1055/s-0035-1568144, ISSN 1531-0043, PMC 4755769, PMID 26929748, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ↑ Zhifei Sun, John Migaly (2016-03), "Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management", Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 22–29, doi:10.1055/s-0035-1568144, ISSN 1531-0043, PMC 4755769, PMID 26929748, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ↑ Zhifei Sun, John Migaly (2016-03), "Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management", Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 22–29, doi:10.1055/s-0035-1568144, ISSN 1531-0043, PMC 4755769, PMID 26929748, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ↑ Zhifei Sun, John Migaly (2016-03), "Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management", Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 22–29, doi:10.1055/s-0035-1568144, ISSN 1531-0043, PMC 4755769, PMID 26929748, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ Hemorrhoids, 2016-01-26, archived from the original on 2016-01-26, retrieved 2024-07-01
  9. ↑ Hemorrhoids, 2016-01-26, archived from the original on 2016-01-26, retrieved 2024-07-01
  10. ↑ J. R. F. Hollingshead, R. K. S. Phillips (2016-01), "Haemorrhoids: modern diagnosis and treatment", Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 92, no. 1083, pp. 4–8, doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133328, ISSN 1469-0756, PMID 26561592, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ↑ J. R. F. Hollingshead, R. K. S. Phillips (2016-01), "Haemorrhoids: modern diagnosis and treatment", Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 92, no. 1083, pp. 4–8, doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133328, ISSN 1469-0756, PMID 26561592, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ↑ Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero (2009-08), "Article Commentary: Hemorrhoids: Diagnosis and Current Management", The American Surgeon (in English), vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 635–642, doi:10.1177/000313480907500801, ISSN 0003-1348, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ↑ David E. Rivadeneira, Scott R. Steele, Charles Ternent, Sridhar Chalasani, W. Donald Buie, Janice L. Rafferty, Standards Practice Task Force of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (2011-09), "Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids (revised 2010)", Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 1059–1064, doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e318225513d, ISSN 1530-0358, PMID 21825884, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ↑ Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero (2009-08), "Article Commentary: Hemorrhoids: Diagnosis and Current Management", The American Surgeon (in English), vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 635–642, doi:10.1177/000313480907500801, ISSN 0003-1348, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ↑ Orit Kaidar-Person, Benjamin Person, Steven D. Wexner (2007-01), "Hemorrhoidal disease: A comprehensive review", Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol. 204, no. 1, pp. 102–117, doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.022, ISSN 1072-7515, PMID 17189119, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ Hemorrhoids, 2016-01-26, archived from the original on 2016-01-26, retrieved 2024-07-01
  17. ↑ J. R. F. Hollingshead, R. K. S. Phillips (2016-01), "Haemorrhoids: modern diagnosis and treatment", Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 92, no. 1083, pp. 4–8, doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133328, ISSN 1469-0756, PMID 26561592, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ↑ Zhifei Sun, John Migaly (2016-03), "Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management", Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 22–29, doi:10.1055/s-0035-1568144, ISSN 1531-0043, PMC 4755769, PMID 26929748, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ↑ Moonkyung Cho Schubert, Subbaramiah Sridhar, Robert R. Schade, Steven D. Wexner (2009-07-14), "What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders", World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 15, no. 26, pp. 3201–3209, doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3201, ISSN 2219-2840, PMC 2710774, PMID 19598294, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ Alexander C. von Roon, George E. Reese, Paris P. Tekkis (2009-01-29), "Haemorrhoids: haemorrhoidal artery ligation", BMJ Clinical Evidence, vol. 2009, p. 0415, ISSN 1752-8526, PMC 2907769, PMID 19445775, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ Moonkyung Cho Schubert, Subbaramiah Sridhar, Robert R Schade, Steven D Wexner (2009-07-14), "What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders", World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG, vol. 15, no. 26, pp. 3201–3209, doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3201, ISSN 1007-9327, PMC 2710774, PMID 19598294, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ↑ David E. Beck, Patricia L. Roberts, Theodore J. Saclarides, Anthony J. Senagore, Michael J. Stamos, Yosef Nasseri (2011-06-09), The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery: Second Edition (in English), Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 978-1-4419-1581-8, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ↑ Margaret A. Fitzgerald (2020-12-04), Nurse Practitioner Certification Exam Prep (in English), F.A. Davis, ISBN 978-1-7196-4298-9, retrieved 2024-07-01
  24. ↑ Fred F. Ferri (2019-06-01), Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020 E-Book (in English), Elsevier Health Sciences, ISBN 978-0-323-67977-0, retrieved 2024-07-01
  25. ↑ Melissa Bernstein, Ann Schmidt Luggen (2011-01-28), Nutrition for the Older Adult (in English), Jones & Bartlett Publishers, ISBN 978-1-4496-6396-4, retrieved 2024-07-01
  26. ↑ Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero (2009-08), "Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and current management", The American Surgeon, vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 635–642, ISSN 0003-1348, PMID 19725283, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ↑ Orit Kaidar-Person, Benjamin Person, Steven D. Wexner (2007-01), "Hemorrhoidal disease: A comprehensive review", Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol. 204, no. 1, pp. 102–117, doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.022, ISSN 1072-7515, PMID 17189119, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ↑ Domino, Robert A. Baldor (2012-05-01), The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2013 (in English), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 978-1-4511-3735-4, retrieved 2024-07-01
  29. ↑ Jill C. Cash, MSN, APN FNP-BC, Cheryl A. Glass, MSN, APRN WHNP-BC (2010-11-18), Family Practice Guidelines: Second Edition (in English), Springer Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0-8261-1813-4, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ↑ Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero (2009-08), "Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and current management", The American Surgeon, vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 635–642, ISSN 0003-1348, PMID 19725283, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ↑ P. Alonso-Coello, G. Guyatt, D. Heels-Ansdell, J. F. Johanson, M. Lopez-Yarto, E. Mills, Q. Zhou (2005-10-19), "Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids", The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol. 2005, no. 4, pp. CD004649, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004649.pub2, ISSN 1469-493X, PMC 9036624, PMID 16235372, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ Bradley R. Davis, Steven A. Lee-Kong, John Migaly, Daniel L. Feingold, Scott R. Steele (2018-03), "The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hemorrhoids", Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 284–292, doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001030, ISSN 1530-0358, PMID 29420423, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ↑ R. Justin Davies (2006-10-01), "Hemorrhoids", American Family Physician (in American English), vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 1168–1170, retrieved 2024-07-01
  34. ↑ George E. Reese, Alexander C. von Roon, Paris P. Tekkis (2009-01-29), "Haemorrhoids", BMJ clinical evidence, vol. 2009, p. 0415, ISSN 1752-8526, PMC 2907769, PMID 19445775, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ↑ Orit Kaidar-Person, Benjamin Person, Steven D. Wexner (2007-01), "Hemorrhoidal Disease: A Comprehensive Review", Journal of the American College of Surgeons (in American English), vol. 204, no. 1, p. 102, doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.022, ISSN 1879-1190, retrieved 2024-07-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ↑ Memories fill Kauffman Stadium | MLB.com: News, 2011-06-05, archived from the original on 2011-06-05, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  37. ↑ Ap (1981-03-01), "Brett in Hospital for Surgery", The New York Times (in American English), ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved 2024-07-01
  38. ↑ A. B. C. News, Glenn Beck: Put the 'Care' Back in Health Care (in English), retrieved 2024-07-01
  39. ↑ GlennBeckVideos (2008-01-03), Beck From the Dead, retrieved 2024-07-01
  40. ↑ Upi (1984-01-19), "Carter Leaves Hospital", The New York Times (in American English), ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved 2024-07-01
  41. ↑ Andrea Petrie (2009-12-12), The Five: Wounded pride (in English), retrieved 2024-07-01
  42. ↑ Richard (Richard W. ) Baron, Abe Baum, Richard Goldhurst (1981), Raid! : the untold story of Patton's secret mission, Internet Archive, New York : Putnam, ISBN 978-0-399-12597-3, retrieved 2024-07-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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