Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Gorbachev
Михаил Горбачёв
	Gorbachev in 1986
Madaxweynaha Midowgii Soofiyeet
Ambassador to Welcome
	Xafiiska; 15 March 1990 – 25 December 1991
Madaxweyne kuxigeen	Gennady Yanayev
ka horeeyay	Office established; (xoogaa xagiisa )sida Gudoomiye ka mid ah Soviet Sare)
Ku xigay	Office abolished
Xoghayaha Guud ee Xisbiga Shuuciga ee Midowgii Soofiyeet
Ambassador to Welcome
	Xafiiska; 11 March 1985 – 24 August 1991
Raiisel wasaare	Nikolai Ryzhkov; Valentin Pavlov; Ivan Silayev;
Ku xigeen	Vladimir Ivashko
ka horeeyay	Konstantin Chernenko
Ku xigay	Vladimir Ivashko (jilitaan)
Guddoomiyaha Soofiyeeti Sare ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti
Ambassador to Welcome
	Xafiiska; 25 May 1989 – 15 March 1990
Ku xigeen	Anatoly Lukyanov
ka horeeyay	Xaggiisa sida Gudoomiye ka mid ah Soviet Sare
Ku xigay	Anatoly Lukyanov
Guddoomiyaha Presidium ee Soofiyeeti Sare ee USSR
Ambassador to Welcome
	Xafiiska; 1 October 1988 – 25 May 1989
ka horeeyay	Andrei Gromyko
Ku xigay	Xaggiisa sida Gudoomiye ka mid ah Presidium ee Soviet Sare
ka horeeyay	Xilka
Additional positions
La-Guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Dimuqraadiga
Ambassador to Welcome
	Xilka
	xafiiska la wareegay ; 11 March 2000
ka horeeyay	Office established
Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; Acting
Ambassador to Welcome
	Xafiiska; 9 February 1984 – 10 March 1985
ka horeeyay	Konstantin Chernenko
Ku xigay	Yegor Ligachev
Faahfaahin shaqsiyadeed
Dhashay	Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev; 2 Maarso 1931 ( 93jir); Privolnoye, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia)
Jinsiyadda	Soviet (1931–1991); Russian (since 1991);
Xisbiga	Union of Social Democrats (2007–present)
Other political; affiliations	Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1952–1991); Independent (1991–2000); United Social Democratic Party of Russia (2000–2001); Social Democratic Party of Russia (2001–2007);
Xaaska	Raisa Gorbacheva; (g. 1953; d. 1999)
Ciyaalka	Irina Virganskaya
Alma mater	Moscow State University
Abaalmarinta	Nobel Peace Prize
Saxiixa
Website	websiteka
	Mikhail Gorbachev's voice Recorded November 2012

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (wuxuu dhashay 2 Maarso 1931) waa siyaasi ruush ah horeyna u ahaa siyaasi Soviet. Wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii siddeedaad ee ugu dambeeya ee Midowgii Soofiyeet, wuxuu ahaa Xoghayaha Guud ee Xisbiga Shuuciga ee Midowgii Soofiyeet sannadihii 1985 ilaa 1991.

Wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa madaxweynihii dalka 1988 ilaa 1991, isagoo gudoomiye ka ahaa Presidium of the Soviet.

Wuxuu ahaa Soviet-kii ugu sareeyay intii u dhaxeysay 1988 ilaa 1989, gudoomiyaha Soviet-kii ugu sareeyay intii u dhaxeysay 1989 ilaa 1990, iyo madaxweynihii midowgii sofiyeeti 1990 ilaa 1991.

Fikir ahaan, wuxuu markii hore u hogaansamay Markis-Leninism inkasta oo horaantii 1990-meeyadii loo gudbay dhanka dimuqraadiyada bulshada.

Dhaxalka isku dhafan ee Ruushka iyo Ukraine, Gorbachev wuxuu ku dhashay Privolnoye, Stavropol Krai, wuxuu ka dhashay qoys sabool ah.

Markii uu ku soo koray xukunkii Joseph Stalin, yaraantiisii wuxuu ku shaqeysan jiray kuwa isku aruursada beeraha wadajirka ah ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Xisbiga Shuuciga, oo markaa u maamuli jiray Midowgii Soofiyeeti dowlad hal xisbi ah sida ku cad caqiidada Marxist-Leninist.

Intii uu wax ka baranayay Jaamacadda Moscow, wuxuu guursaday arday la dhalatay Raisa Titarenko 1953 ka hor inta uusan helin shahaadada sharciga ee 1955. U guurista Stavropol, wuxuu u shaqeynayay ururka dhalinyarada ee Komsomol, dhimashada Stalin ka dib, wuxuu noqday qof si weyn u taageersan de-Stalinization dib-u-habeyntii hoggaamiyaha Soofiyeeti Nikita Khrushchev.

Waxaa loo magacaabay Xoghayaha Koowaad ee Guddiga Gobolka ee Stavropol 1970, jagadaas oo uu kormeeray dhismaha kanaalka weyn ee 'Stavropol Canal'. Sannadkii 1978 wuxuu ku noqday magaalada Moscow si uu u noqdo Xoghayaha Golaha Dhexe ee xisbiga wuxuuna 1979-kii ku biiray siyaasaddiisa xukunka haysa. Saddex sano gudahood dhimashadii hoggaamiyihii Soofiyeeti Leonid Brezhnev, ka dib nidaamyadii koobnaa ee Yuri Andropov iyo Konstantin Chernenko, Politburo wuxuu Gorbachev u doortay Xoghayaha Guud, madaxa rasmiga ah ee dawladda, 1985.

In kasta oo ay ka go'an tahay ilaalinta dawladda Soofiyeedka iyo himilooyinkeeda hanti-wadaagga, Gorbachev wuxuu rumaysnaa in dib-u-habeyn weyn ay lagama maarmaan tahay, gaar ahaan musiibadii 1986 ee Chernobyl.

Wuxuu ka baxay Dagaalkii Soofiyeeti iyo Afgaanistaan wuxuuna bilaabay shirar uu la yeeshay Madaxweynaha Mareykanka Ronald Reagan si loo xaddido hubka nukliyeerka loona joojiyo Dagaalkii Qaboobaa. Gudaha, siyaasadiisa glasnost ("furnaanshaha") ayaa loo oggol yahay xorriyadda hadalka iyo tan saxaafadda ee kor loo qaaday, halka perestroika ("dib u habeyn") uu isku dayay in la daadejiyo go'aan sameynta dhaqaalaha si loo wanaajiyo waxtarka.

Tallaabooyinkiisa dimoqraadiyeynta iyo sameynta Golaha Wakiillada Dadweynaha ee la soo doortay waxay wiiqeen dowladdii hal xisbi. Gorbachev wuu diiday inuu faragalin militari sameeyo markii dalal kala duwan oo ka tirsan Bariga Bloc ay ka tureen maamulkii Markis-Leninist 1989-90.

Gudaha, dareenka wadaniyadeed ee sii kordhaya wuxuu ku hanjabay inuu kala goyn doono Midowgii Soofiyeeti, taasoo horseed u ahayd kooxaha xagjirka ah ee Marxist-Leninist inay bilaabaan Afgambigii dhicisoobay ee Ogosto ee ka dhanka ahaa Gorbachev 1991.

Xilligaas ka dib, Midowgii Soofiyeet wuu kala diray wixii uu rabay Gorbachev wuuna is casilay.

Markii uu xafiiska ka tagay, wuxuu bilaabay aasaaskiisa Gorbachev, wuxuu noqday nin si weyn u dhaliila madaxweynayaasha Ruushka Boris Yeltsin iyo Vladimir Putin, wuxuuna u ololaynayay dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada ee dimuqraadiyadda Ruushka.

Si ballaaran ayaa loo tixgeliyey mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad, Gorbachev ayaa weli ah mawduuca lagu muransan yahay.

Qofka helay abaalmarino kala duwan - oo ay ku jiraan abaalmarinta Nabadda ee Nobel - waxaa si weyn loogu ammaanay doorka muhiimka ah ee uu ka qaatay soo afjaridda Dagaalkii Qaboobaa, yareynta xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti, iyo u dulqaadashada dhicitaankii maamulladii Marxist-Leninist ee bariga. iyo bartamaha Yurub iyo midowgii Jarmalka. Taa bedelkeeda, Ruushka waxaa badanaa loogu jeesjeesaa inuusan joojin joojintii Soofiyeeti, dhacdo keentay hoos u dhac ku yimid saameynta adduunka ee Ruushka oo soo dedejisay xiisad dhaqaale.