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Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Brolga
Antigone rubicunda
V V

Stilts and avocets

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Pied stilt
(Māori: poaka)
Himantopus leucocephalus
B B B
Black stilt
(Māori: kakī)
Himantopus novaezelandiae
P B
Red-necked avocet
Recurvirostra novaehollandiae
V V

Plovers and lapwings

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Black-bellied plover
Pluvialis squatarola
V V V V
American golden-plover
Pluvialis dominucus
V
Pacific golden-plover
Pluvialis fulva
P P P P P V
Masked lapwing or spur-wing plover
Vanellus miles
V B B B B V V V V
Red-breasted dotterel
(Māori: tūturiwhatu, Māori: pukunui, and Māori: kūkuruatu)
Charadrius obscurus
B B P
Lesser sand-plover
Charadrius mongolus
P P V
Greater sand-plover
Charadrius leschenaulti
P P
Double-banded plover
Charadrius bicinctus
V B B B B B P
Red-capped plover
Charadrius ruficapillus
V V
Common ringed plover
Charadrius hiaticula
V
Semipalmated plover
Charadrius semipalmatus
V
Oriental plover
Charadrius veredus
V V V V
Red-kneed dotterel
Elsyornis cinctus
V
Shore plover
(Māori: tuturuatu)
Thinornis novaeseelandiae
B B B B
Black-fronted dotterel
Elseyornis melanops
B B
Wrybill
(Māori: ngutu parore)
Anarhynchus frontalis
P B

Painted-snipes

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Greater painted-snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
V
Australian painted-snipe
Rostratula australis
V

Sandpipers and allies

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Upland sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda
V
Bristle-thighed curlew
Numenius tahitiensis
V
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
V P P V
Little curlew
Numenius minutus
P P
Far Eastern curlew
Numenius madagascarensis
V P P V V V
Bar-tailed godwit
Limosa lapponica
P P
Black-tailed godwit
Limosa limosa
P P P V
Hudsonian godwit
Limosa haemastica
P P P V
Ruddy turnstone
Arenaria interpres
V P P P P V P V V
Great knot
Calidris tenuirostris
P P
Red knot
(Māori: huahou)
Calidris canutus
V P P P V V
Ruff
Calidris pugnax
V
Broad-billed sandpiper
Calidris falcinellus
V V
Sharp-tailed sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
V P P P P V V
Stilt sandpiper
Calidris himantopus
V
Curlew sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
P P V V
Long-toed stint
Calidris subminuta
V
Red-necked stint
Calidris ruficollis
P P V V
Sanderling
Calidris alba
P P V
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
V
Baird's sandpiper
Calidris bairdii
V
Little stint
Calidris minuta
V
Least sandpiper
Calidris minutilla
V
White-rumped sandpiper
Calidris fuscicollis
V
Buff-breasted sandpiper
Calidris subruficollis
V
Pectoral sandpiper
Calidris melanotos
P P V
Western sandpiper
Calidris mauri
V V
Asian dowitcher
Limnodromus semipalmatus
V V
North Island snipe
Coenocorypha barrierensis
X
South Island snipe
Coenocorypha iredalei
X X
Chatham Islands snipe
Coenocorypha pusilla
B
Forbes's snipe
Coenocorypha chathamica
X
Snares Island snipe
Coenocorypha huegeli
B
Subantarctic snipe
Coenocorypha aucklandica
B B B
Latham's snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
V V V V
Terek sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
V V
Wilson's phalarope
Phalaropus tricolor
V V
Red-necked phalarope
Phalaropus lobatus
V V
Red phalarope
Phalaropus fulicarius
V V
Common sandpiper
Tringa hypoleucos
V V V
Grey-tailed tattler
Tringa brevipes
V P P V V V
Wandering tattler
Tringa incana
V P P V V
Common greenshank
Tringa nebularia
P P V V V
Lesser yellowlegs
Tringa flavipes
V V V
Marsh sandpiper
Tringa stagnatilis
P P P

Pratincoles and coursers

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Oriental pratincole
Glareola maldivarum
V V V V

Skuas and jaegers

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

They are in general medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
South polar skua
Stercorarius maccormicki
V V V V V V V V V V
Brown skua
Stercorarius antarcticus
P P B B B B B B B P
Pomarine jaeger
Stercorarius pomarinus
P P P
Parasitic jaeger
Stercorarius parasiticus
V P P P V
Long-tailed jaeger
Stercorarius longicaudus
P P P

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Black-billed gull
Chroicocephalus bulleri
B B
Silver gull
Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
B B B B B B B
Laughing gull
Leucophaeus atricilla
V
Franklin's gull
Leucophaeus pipixcan
V V V
Pacific gull
Larus pacificus
V
Kelp gull
(Māori: karoro}
Larus dominicanus
V B B B B B B B B B
Brown noddy
Anous stolidus
B V
Black noddy
Anous minutus
B V
Grey noddy
Anous albivitta
B P P
Blue-grey noddy
Anous ceruleus
P V V
White tern
Gygis alba
B V V
Sooty tern
Onychoprion fuscatus
B V
Grey-backed tern
Onychoprion lunatus
V
Bridled tern
Onychoprion anaethetus
V
Little tern
Sternula albifrons
V P P V
Australian fairy tern
Sternula nereis
B ex
Gull-billed tern
Gelochelidon nilotica
P P
Caspian tern
(Māori: taranui)
Hydroprogne caspia
V P P V
White-winged tern
Chlidonias leucopterus
P P
Whiskered tern
Chlidonias hybridus
V V
Black-fronted tern
(Māori: tarapiroe)
Chlidonias albostriatus
P B
White-fronted tern
Sterna striata
B B B B B B
Common tern
Sterna hirundo
P P
Arctic tern
Sterna paradisaea
V V V V V V V V
Antarctic tern
Sterna vittata
V P B V B B B B B
Great crested tern
Thalasseus bergii
V V V

Tropicbirds

[change | change source]

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
White-tailed tropicbird
Phaethon lepturus
V
Red-tailed tropicbird
(Māori: amokura)
Phaethon rubricauda
B P

Penguins

[change | change source]

Order: Sphenisciformes Family: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
King penguin
Aptenodytes patagonicus
V V V V V V V
Emperor penguin
Aptenodytes forsteri
V V
Adelie penguin
Pygoscelis adeliae
V
Gentoo penguin
Pygoscelis papua
V V V V
Chinstrap penguin
Pygoscelis antarcticus
V V V
Yellow-eyed penguin
(Māori: hoiho)
Megadyptes antipodes *
V B B V V B B
Waitaha penguin
Megadyptes waitaha *
X X
Little penguin
(Māori: kororā)
Eudyptula minor
B B B B V
Magellanic penguin
Spheniscus magellanicus
V V
Fiordland penguin
(Māori: tawaki, pokotiwha)
Eudyptes pachyrhynchus*
V B B V V V
Erect-crested penguin
Eudyptes sclateri*
V V V V V V V B B
Macaroni penguin
Eudyptes chrysolophus
V V
Royal penguin
Eudyptes schlegeli
V V V V V V
Southern rockhopper penguin
Eudyptes chrysocome
V
Moseley's rockhopper penguin
Eudyptes moseleyi
V V
Snares penguin
Eudyptes robustus*
V V V V B V V V

Albatrosses (toroa)

[change | change source]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are a family of large seabird found across the Southern and North Pacific Oceans. The largest are among the largest flying birds in the world.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Yellow-nosed albatross
Thalassarche chlororhynchos
P P P P
Grey-headed albatross
Thalassarche chrysostoma
P P P P P P P B P P
Buller's albatross
Thalassarche bulleri
P P B P B B P P P P
White-capped albatross
Thalassarche cauta
P P P P B P B P B P
Salvin's albatross
Thalassarche salvini
P P P P P B P P P B
Chatham albatross
Thalassarche eremita*
P P P P B P P P P
Black-browed albatross
Thalassarche melanophrys
P P P P P B P B B P
Sooty albatross
Phoebetria fusca
V V V V
Light-mantled albatross
Phoebetria palpebrata
P P P P P B B B P
Royal albatross
Diomedea epomophora
V P B P B P B B P P
Wandering albatross
Diomedea exulans
P
Laysan albatross
Phoebastria immutabilis'
V
Black-footed albatross
Phoebastria nigripes
V

Southern storm-petrels

[change | change source]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Wilson's storm-petrel
Oceanites oceanicus
P
Grey-backed storm-petrel
Garrodia nereis
P P P B P B P B P
White-faced storm-petrel
Pelagodroma marina
B B B B B P B P P P
White-bellied storm-petrel
Fregetta grallaria
B V
New Zealand storm-petrel
Fregetta maoriana*
B
Black-bellied storm-petrel
Fregetta tropica
P P P P P P B P B B

Northern storm-petrels

[change | change source]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Northern storm-petrels are small birds which spend most of their lives at sea, coming ashore only to breed. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering or pattering across the water. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Leach's storm-petrel
Oceanodroma leucorhoa
V V

Shearwaters and petrels

[change | change source]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium nasal septum, and a long outer functional primary flight feather.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Southern giant-petrel
Macronectes giganteus
P
Northern giant-petrel
Macronectes halli
P P P B P B B B
Northern fulmar
Fulmarus glacialis
V
Southern fulmar
Fulmarus glacialoides
P
Antarctic petrel
Thalassoica antarctica
V
Cape petrel
Daption capense
P P P B B B B B B
Snow petrel
Pagodroma nivea
V
Kerguelen petrel
Aphrodroma brevirostris
P P P P P P P P P
Great-winged petrel
Pterodroma macroptera
P P
Grey-faced petrel
Pterodroma gouldi
P B P P P P P P P P
Kermadec petrel
Pterodroma neglecta
B V V
Magenta petrel
Pterodroma magentae
B
Herald petrel
Pterodroma heraldica
V
Providence petrel
Pterodroma solandri
V V V
Soft-plumaged petrel
Pterodroma mollis
P P P B P P P B P
White-headed petrel
Pterodroma lessonii
P P P P P B B? B P
Mottled petrel
Pterodroma inexpectata
P P B B P B P P P P
Juan Fernandez petrel
Pterodroma externa
V V V V
White-necked petrel
Pterodroma cervicalis
B P P P
Black-winged petrel
Pterodroma nigripennis
B B P B P P P P
Chatham petrel
Pterodroma axillaris
B
Cook's petrel
Pterodroma cookii
P B P B P P P P P P
Gould's petrel
Pterodroma leucoptera
P V
Collared petrel
Pterodroma brevipes
V
Stejneger's petrel
Pterodroma longirostris
V V
Pycroft's petrel
Pterodroma pycrofti
V B V
Phoenix petrel
Pterodroma alba
V
Imber's petrel
Pterodroma imberi
X
Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Blue petrel
Halobaena caerulea
P
Fairy prion
Pachyptila turtur
P B B B B B B B B P
Broad-billed prion
Pachyptila vittata
P P B B B B P P P P
Salvin's prion
Pachyptila salvini
P
Antarctic prion
Pachyptila desolata
P P P P P P B B P P
Slender-billed prion
Pachyptila belcheri
P
Fulmar prion
Pachyptila crassirostris
P P P P B B B P P B
Bulwer's petrel
Bulweria bulwerii
V
Tahiti petrel
Pseudobulweria rostrata
V
Grey petrel
Procellaria cinerea
P P P P P P P B B P
White-chinned petrel
Procellaria aequinoctialis
P P P P P P B B B P
Parkinson's petrel
Procellaria parkinsoni
P B P P
Westland petrel
Procellaria westlandica
P P B P P P P P P P
Streaked shearwater
Calonectris leucomelas
V
Cory's shearwater
Calonectris diomedea
V
Pink-footed shearwater
Ardenna creatopus
V
Flesh-footed shearwater
Ardenna carneipes
P B P P
Great shearwater
Ardenna gravis
V V V
Wedge-tailed shearwater
Ardenna pacifica
B P
Buller's shearwater
Ardenna bulleri
P B P P P P
Sooty shearwater
(Māori: tītī)
Ardenna grisea
P B B B B B B B B P
Short-tailed shearwater
Ardenna tenuirostris
P
Christmas shearwater
Puffinus nativitatis
V V
Manx shearwater
Puffinus puffinus
V
Hutton's shearwater
Puffinus huttoni
P B P P
Newell's shearwater
Puffinus newelli
V
Fluttering shearwater
Puffinus gavia
P B P P P P
Scarlett's shearwater
Puffinus spelaus
X
Little shearwater
Puffinus assimilis
B B P
Subantarctic shearwater
Puffinus elegans
P P P B P P B P P
Common diving-petrel
Pelecanoides urinatrix
B B B B B B B B
South Georgia diving-petrel
Pelecanoides georgicus
B ex ex

Frigatebirds

[change | change source]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Lesser frigatebird
Fregata ariel
V V V
Great frigatebird
Fregata minor
V V

Boobies and gannets

[change | change source]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Masked booby
Sula dactylatra
B V
Brown booby
Sula leucogaster
P P P V
Red-footed booby
Sula sula
V
Cape gannet
Morus capensis
V
Tākapu or Australasian gannet
Morus serrator
B B P P P P P

Anhingas

[change | change source]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas or darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Australasian darter
Anhinga novaehollandiae
V V

Cormorants and shags

[change | change source]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Little pied cormorant
(Māori: kawaupaka)
Microcarbo melanoleucos
B B B V V V V
Great cormorant
(Māori: kawau)
Phalacrocorax carbo
B B B V V V
Spotted shag
Phalacrocorax punctatus
B B
Pitt Island shag
Phalacrocorax featherstoni
B
Little black cormorant
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
B B V V
Pied cormorant
(Māori: kāruhiruhi)
Phalacrocorax varius
B B
Bounty Islands shag
Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi
V B
New Zealand king shag
Phalacrocorax carunculatus
B
Stewart Island shag
Phalacrocorax chalconotus
B B
Chatham Islands shag
Phalacrocorax onslowi
B
Auckland Islands shag
Phalacrocorax colensoi
V B
Campbell Islands shag
Phalacrocorax campbelli
B
Macquarie shag
Phalacrocorax purpurascens
V

Pelicans

[change | change source]

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with distinctive pouches under their bills. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Australian pelican
Pelecanus conspicillatus
V V

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

[change | change source]

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Australasian bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
P P P P
Black-backed bittern
Ixobrychus dubius
V
New Zealand bittern
Ixobrychus novaezelandiae
X X X
Grey heron
Ardea cinerea
V
Pacific heron
Ardea pacifica
V V V
Great egret
(Māori: kōtuku)
Ardea alba
V P B V V V
Intermediate egret
Ardea intermedia
V V
White-faced heron
Egretta novaehollandiae
V B B V B V V V
Little egret
Egretta garzetta
V V V
Pacific reef-heron
Egretta sacra
V B B P V V
Cattle egret
Bubulcus ibis
V P P P V V
Rufous night-heron
Nycticorax caledonicus
B V V V

Ibises and spoonbills

[change | change source]

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Glossy ibis
Plegadis falcinellus
P P V
Australian ibis
Threskiornis molucca
V V
Straw-necked ibis
Threskiornis spinicollis
V
Royal spoonbill
Platalea regia
V B B V
Yellow-billed spoonbill
Platalea flavipes
V

Hawks, eagles, and kites

[change | change source]

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and includes the osprey, hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Wedge-tailed eagle

Aquila audax
Swamp harrier
(Māori: kāhu)
Circus approximans
P B B B B P P P
Black kite
Milvus migrans
V V
Eyles's harrier
Circus eylesi
X X
Haast's eagle
Harpagornis moorei
X X
White-bellied sea-eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
V

Barn owls

[change | change source]

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Barn owl
Tyto alba
B[1] V

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Little owl
Athene noctua
I
Morepork
(Māori: ruru)
Ninox novaeseelandiae
B B B V
Laughing owl
(Māori: whēkau)
Ninox albifacies
X X X

Kingfishers

[change | change source]

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Laughing kookaburra
Dacelo novaeguineae
I V
Sacred kingfisher
(Māori: kōtare)
Todiramphus sacra
B B B B V

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Dollarbird
Eurystomus orientalis
V V

Falcons and caracaras

[change | change source]

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Australian kestrel
Falco cenchroides
V V
Karearea or New Zealand falcon
(Māori: kārearea)
Falco novaeseelandiae
B B P ex P B
Black falcon
Falco subniger
V

New Zealand parrots

[change | change source]

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Strigopidae

The New Zealand parrot superfamily, Strigopoidea,[2] consists of at least three genera of parrotsNestor, Strigops, the fossil Nelepsittacus,[3][4] and probably the fossil Heracles.[5] The genus Nestor consists of the kea, kaka, Norfolk Island kaka and Chatham Island kaka,[6][7] while the genus Strigops contains the iconic kakapo.[6] All extant species are endemic to New Zealand. The species of the genus Nelepsittacus were endemics of the main islands, while the two extinct species of the genus Nestor were found at the nearby oceanic islands such as Chatham Island of New Zealand, and Norfolk Island and adjacent Phillip Island.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Kea
Nestor notabilis
B
Kaka
(Māori: kākā)
Nestor meridionalis
B B B
Chatham kaka
Nestor chathamensis
X
Kakapo
(Māori: kākāpō)
Strigops habroptilus
B B B

Cockatoos

[change | change source]

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Cacatuidae

The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Galah
Eolophus roseicapillus
I
Sulphur-crested cockatoo
Cacatua galerita
I I

Old world parrots

[change | change source]

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Rose-ringed parakeet
Psittacula krameri
I I
Antipodes parakeet
Cyanoramphus unicolor
B
Kakariki or red-crowned parakeet
(Māori: kākāriki)
Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
B B B B B B
Reischek's parakeet
Cyanoramphus hochstetteri
B
Kakariki or yellow-crowned parakeet
(Māori: kākāriki)
Cyanoramphus auriceps
B B B
Chatham Islands parakeet
Cyanoramphus forbesi
B
Orange-fronted parakeet
(Māori: kākāriki karaka)
Cyanoramphus malherbi
B
Crimson rosella
Platycercus elegans
I I
Eastern rosella
Platycercus eximius
I I V
Rainbow lorikeet
Trichoglossus moluccanus
I

New Zealand wrens

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acanthisittidae

The New Zealand wrens are a family (Acanthisittidae) of tiny passerines endemic to New Zealand. They were represented by six known species in four or five genera, although only two species survive in two genera today. They are understood to form a distinct lineage within the passerines, but authorities differ on their assignment to the oscines or suboscines (the two suborders that between them make up the Passeriformes).

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Lyall's wren
Traversia lyalli
X X
Rifleman
(Māori: tītipounamu)
Acanthisitta chloris
B B ex
Bush wren
(Māori: mātuhituhi)
Xenicus longipes
X X X
South Island wren
(Māori: pīwauwau)
Xenicus gilviventris
B
South Island stout-legged wren
Pachyplichas yaldwyni
X
North Island stout-legged wren
Pachyplichas jagmi
X
Long-billed wren
Dendroscansor decurvirostris
X

Honeyeaters

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Meliphagidae

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family, Meliphagidae, of small to medium-sized birds. The family includes the Australian chats, myzomelas, friarbirds, wattlebirds, miners and melidectes. They are most common in Australia and New Guinea, but also found in New Zealand, the Pacific islands as far east as Samoa and Tonga, and the islands to the north and west of New Guinea known as Wallacea.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Tui
(Māori: tūī)
Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
B B B B B B
New Zealand bellbird
(Māori: korimako)
Anthornis melanura
B B B B V
Chatham bellbird
Anthornis melanocephala
X
Red wattlebird
Anthochaera carunculata
V

Thornbills and allies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acanthizidae

The Acanthizidae are small- to medium-sized birds with short rounded wings, slender bills, long legs, and a short tail.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Grey gerygone
(Māori: riroriro)
Gerygone igata
B B B V
Chatham Island gerygone
Gerygone albofrontata
B

Cuckooshrikes

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some minivet species are brightly coloured.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Black-faced cuckooshrike
Coracina novaehollandiae
V V V
White-winged triller
Lalage tricolor
V

Whiteheads

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mohouidae

Mohoua is a small genus of three bird species endemic to New Zealand. The scientific name is taken from mohua – the Māori name for the Yellowhead.[8] Their taxonomic placement has presented problems: They have typically been placed in the whistler family, Pachycephalidae, but in 2013 it was established that they are best placed in their own family, Mohouidae.[9]

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Whitehead
(Māori: pōpokotea)
Mohoua albicilla
B
Yellowhead
(Māori: mohua)
Mohoua ochrocephala
B B
Pipipi
(Māori: pīpipi)
Mohoua novaeseelandiae
B B

Old World orioles

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds which are not closely related to the New World orioles

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
South Island piopio
Turnagra capensis
X
North Island piopio
Turnagra tanagra
X

Woodswallows, bellmagpies, and allies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Masked woodswallow
Artamus personatus
V
White-browed woodswallow
Artamus superciliosus
V V
Dusky woodswallow
Artamus cyanopterus
V
Australian magpie
Gymnorhina tibicen
I I

Fantails

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds with longish, frequently fanned, tails.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Fantail
(Māori: pīwakawaka)
Rhipidura fuliginosa
B B B B ex
Willie wagtail
Rhipidura leucophrys
V

Monarch flycatchers

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by gleaning, hovering or flycatching.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Black-faced monarch
Monarcha melanopsis
V
Magpie-lark
Grallina cyanoleuca
V
Satin flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
V V

Crows, jays, and magpies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
New Zealand raven
Corvus antipodum
X X X
Chatham raven
Corvus moriorum
X
Rook
Corvus frugilegus
I I I I

Wattlebirds

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Callaeidae

Callaeidae (sometimes Callaeatidae) is a family of passerine birds endemic to New Zealand. It contains three genera, with five species in the family. One species, the huia, became extinct early in the 20th century, while the South Island kokako is critically endangered and may be extinct.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
North Island kōkako
Callaeas wilsoni
B
South Island kōkako
Callaeas cinereus
B? ex
North Island saddleback
Philesturnus rufusater
B
South Island saddleback
Philesturnus carunculatus
B B
Huia
Heteralocha acutirostris
X

Stitchbird

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Notiomystidae

The stitchbird or hihi (Notiomystis cincta) is a honeyeater-like bird endemic to the North Island and adjacent offshore islands of New Zealand. Its evolutionary relationships have long puzzled ornithologists, but it is now classed as the only member of its own family, the Notiomystidae.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Stitchbird
(Māori: hihi)
Notiomystis cincta
B

Australasian robins

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Petroicidae

The bird family Petroicidae includes 49 species in 19 genera. All are endemic to Australasia: New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and numerous Pacific Islands as far east as Samoa. For want of an accurate common name, the family is often called the Australasian robins. Within the family the species are known not only as robins but as scrub-robins and flyrobins. They are, however, only distantly related to the Old World family Muscicapidae (to which other species with such names belong) and the monarch flycatchers (Monarchidae).

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
North Island robin
Petroica longipes
B
South Island robin
Petroica australis
B B
Tomtit
(Māori: miromiro)
Petroica macrocephala
B B B B B B
Chatham robin
Petroica traversi
B

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Eurasian skylark
Alauda arvensis
I I I

Reed warblers and allies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Australian reed warbler
Acrocephalus australis
V

Grassbirds and allies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Chatham Islands fernbird
Megalurus rufescens
X
New Zealand fernbird
(Māori: kōtātā or mātātā)
Megalurus punctatus
B B B B

Swallows

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Welcome swallow
Hirundo neoxena
B B B B B P P V
Fairy martin
Petrochelidon ariel
V V V
Tree martin
Petrochelidon nigricans
V V V V

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red, or orange vents, cheeks, throats, or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Red-vented bulbul
Pycnonotus cafer
I

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small birds of rather drab appearance, the plumage above being typically greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As the name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Silvereye
(Māori: tauhou)
Zosterops lateralis
B B B B B B B B B

Starlings

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
European starling
Sturnus vulgaris
I I I I I I I I I V
Common myna
Acridotheres tristis
I

Thrushes and allies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Song thrush
Turdus philomelos
I I I I I I V V V
Eurasian blackbird
Turdus merula
I I I I I I I I V

Accentors

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are a genus of birds in the family Prunellidae, which is the only bird family endemic to the Palearctic.[10] This small group of closely related passerines are all in the genus Prunella.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Dunnock
Prunella modularis
I I I I V B B B

Old World sparrows

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds, typically small, plump, brown or grey with short tails and short powerful beaks. They are seed-eaters, but also consume small insects.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
House sparrow
Passer domesticus
I I I I V V V V

Wagtails and pipits

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails and comprises the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. These are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Australasian pipit
(Māori: pīhoihoi)
Anthus novaeseelandiae
V B B B B V B B

Finches, euphonias, and allies

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are small to moderately large seed-eating passerine birds with a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and nine primary flight feathers. Finches have a bouncing flight, alternating bouts of flapping with gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Common chaffinch
Fringilla coelebs
V I I I I I I I V
European greenfinch
Chloris chloris
V I I I I V V
Common redpoll
Acanthis flammea
I I I I I I I I I
Lesser redpoll
Acanthis cabaret
I I I I I I I I I
European goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
V I I I I V V V V

Old World buntings

[change | change source]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

Species Kermadecs North I South I Stewart Chathams Snares Auckland Campbell Antipodes Bounty
Cirl bunting
Emberiza cirlus
I I
Yellowhammer
Emberiza citrinella
I I I I I V V V V

See also

[change | change source]

References

[change | change source]
  1. "NZ Birds of Prey / Native / Barn Owl". Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  2. Nestoridae and Strigopidae are described in the same article, Bonaparte, C.L. (1849) Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiae. Therefore, under rules of the ICZN, the first reviser determines priority, which is Bonaparte, C.L. (1850), Conspectus Generum Avium, E.J. Brill, Leyden.
  3. Christidis L, Boles WE (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
  4. Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul (2011). "An early Miocene diversity of parrots (Aves, Strigopidae, Nestorinae) from New Zealand". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (5): 1102–16. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.595857. S2CID 86361015.
  5. Worthy, Trevor H.; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael; Schofield, R. Paul; De Pietri, Vanesa L. (2019). "Evidence for a giant parrot from the early Miocene of New Zealand". Biology Letters. 15 (8): 20190467. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0467. PMC 6731479. PMID 31387471.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Forshaw, Joseph M.; Cooper, William T. (1981) [1973, 1978]. Parrots of the World (corrected second ed.). David & Charles, Newton Abbot, London. ISBN 0-7153-7698-5.
  7. Millener, P. R. (1999). "The history of the Chatham Islands' bird fauna of the last 7000 years – a chronicle of change and extinction. Proceedings of the 4th International meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution (Washington, D.C., June 1996)". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 89: 85–109.
  8. "Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds"; Volume 7, edited by Peter Higgins, OUP, 2000
  9. Zachary Aidala et al. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Mohoua, endemic hosts of New Zealand’s obligate brood parasitic Long-tailed Cuckoo (Eudynamys taitensis). Journal of Ornithology, published online June, 2013; doi: 10.1007/s10336-013-0978-8
  10. Liu, B. et al. (2017) Explosive radiation and spatial expansion across the cold environments of the Old World in an avian family. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3136
[change | change source]

Template:Birds of New Zealand