Alan Turing

**Alan Turing**
	Alan Turing
	; I Turing anyang panaun a miyalal ya king Fellowship of the Royal Society.
Mibait	Alan Mathison Turing; 23 Juniu 1912; Maida Vale, London, luca is cool ,; United Kingdom
Kematyan	7 Juniu 1954 (maki edad a 41); Wilmslow, Cheshire, England,; United Kingdom;
Menuknangan	United Kingdom
Bangsa	British
Taldawa	Mathematics, Cryptanalysis, Computer science
Institusiun	University of Cambridge; Government Code and Cypher School; National Physical Laboratory; University of Manchester
Alma mater	King's College, Cambridge; Princeton University
Doctoral talausuk	Alonzo Church
Doctoral magaral	Robin Gandy
Bantug keng	Halting problem; Turing machine; Cryptanalysis of the Enigma; Automatic Computing Engine; Turing Award; Turing Test; Turing patterns
Bantug a galal	Officer of the Order of the British Empire; Fellow of the Royal Society

I Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS ( /ˈtjʊərɪŋ/ TEWR-ing; 23 Junio 1912 – 7 Junio 1954), metung yang Ingles a matematiku, logician, cryptanalyst ampong computer scientist. Maragul ya impluwensiya king pamanalkus ning computer science, at minye yang pormalisasyon ning konseptuo ning "algorithm" ampong "computation" kapamilatan ning Turing machine, a maragul papil king pamaglalang ning modernung computer.^[1]^[2] Dakal la reng sasabing i Turing ing ibpa ning computer science ampo ning artificial intelligence.^[3]

Anyang Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan, megobra ya i Turing para king Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS) king Bletchley Park, Britain's ing sentru na para king codebreaking ning Britania. Mika panaun a yang meging pamuntuk ning Hut 8, ing sangang manibala king naval cryptanalysis a Aleman. Mekapaglalang yang manilan a paralan ba lang lutasan deng cipher a Aleman, kayabe ya ing kaparalanan ning bombe, metung a makinang electromechanical a makapanintun pamituldu (setting) para king Enigma machine.

fat boy jim ning gera, megobra ya king National Physical Laboratory, nung nu ne lelang ing metung kareng mumunang disenyu para king stored-program computer, ing ACE. Anyang 1948, megobra ya i Turing king Max Newman's Computing Laboratory king Manchester University, nung nu ya sinaup king pamanalkus da reng Manchester computers^[4] at megi yang interesadu king mathematical biology. Sinulat yang artikulu tungkul king batayan nang kemikal ning morphogenesis,^[5] at inula (predicted) ne ing tungkul kareng oscillating chemical reactionantimo ing Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, a mumuna rang inobserban anyang dekadang 1960.

Uli ning pangabinabai nang Turing, midalum ya anyang 1952, panuan nung kapilan bawal la pa deng dapat a homosexual king Britania. Tinggap na ing pamanulu kapamilatan da reng hormone a pambabai (chemical castration) antimong alternatibu ning pangasukul. Mete ya anyang 1954, maygit mu king adwang duminggu bayu ing kayang pang apat a pulu't adwang aldo kebaitan, uli ning pangalasun ibat king cyanide. Agpang king pamagsyasat, migpakamate ya; para king kayang ima ampo reng aliwa, aksidenti ing kayang pangamate. Anyang 10 Setiembre 2009, kaybat ning kampanya king Aptas (Internet campaign), ing Pun Ministro ning Britania, i Gordon Brown, ginawa yang opisyal a pamanyad dispensa kapamilatan ning kapamahalan ning Britania para king pamagtratu kang Turing kaybat ning gera.^[6]

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Biography Portal

Notes

↑ Newman, M. H. A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 1: 253. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AFP
↑ Homer, Steven and Alan L. (2001). Computability and Complexity Theory. Springer via Google Books limited view. ISBN 0-387-95055-9. Retrieved on 13 May 2011.
↑ Leavitt 2007, pp. 231–233
↑ Turing, A. M. (1952). "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B 237 (641): 37–72. doi:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012.
↑ "PM apology after Turing petition", BBC News (11 September 2009).

Dalerayan

Agar, Jon (2003). The government machine: a revolutionary history of the computer. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01202-7.
Alexander, C. Hugh O'D. (circa 1945), Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, The National Archives, Kew, Reference HW 25/1, http://www.ellsbury.com/gne/gne-000.htm
Beniger, James (1986). The control revolution: technological and economic origins of the information society. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-16986-7.
Babbage, Charles (1864). Passages from the life of a philosopher. Rough Draft Printing. ISBN 978-1-60386-092-5.
Bodanis, David (2005). Electric Universe: How Electricity Switched on the Modern World. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-307-33598-4. OCLC 61684223.
Bruderer, Herbert: Konrad Zuse und die Schweiz. Wer hat den Computer erfunden? Charles Babbage, Alan Turing und John von Neumann Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2012, XXVI, 224 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-486-71366-4
Campbell-Kelly, Martin (1996). Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02989-2.
Ceruzzi, Paul (1998). A History of Modern Computing. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-53169-0.
Chandler, Alfred (1977). The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press. ISBN 0-674-94052-0.
Copeland, B. Jack (2004). "Colossus: Its Origins and Originators". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 26 (4): 38–45. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2004.26.
Copeland, B. Jack (ed.) (2004). The Essential Turing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-825079-7. OCLC 156728127 224173329 48931664 57434580 57530137 59399569.
Copeland (ed.), B. Jack (2005). Alan Turing's Automatic Computing Engine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-856593-3. OCLC 224640979 56539230.
Copeland, B. Jack (2006). Colossus: The secrets of Bletchley Park's code-breaking computers. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284055-4.
Edwards, Paul N (1996). The closed world: computers and the politics of discourse in Cold War America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-55028-8.
Gannon, Paul (2007) [2006], Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret, London: Atlantic Books, ISBN 978-1-84354-331-2
Hilton, Peter (2006), "Living with Fish: Breaking Tunny in the Newmanry and Testery" in Copeland 2006, pp. 189–203
Hodges, Andrew (1992) [1983], Alan Turing: the enigma, London: Burnett Books, ISBN 0-04-510060-8
Hochhuth, Rolf (1988). Alan Turing: en berättelse. Symposion. ISBN 978-91-7868-109-9.
Leavitt, David (2007). The man who knew too much: Alan Turing and the invention of the computer. Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2200-5.
Levin, Janna (2006). A Madman Dreams Of Turing Machines. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-3240-2.
Lewin, Ronald (1978). Ultra Goes to War: The Secret Story, Classic Penguin, Classic Military History, London, England: Hutchinson & Co. ISBN 978-1-56649-231-7.
Lubar, Steven (1993). Infoculture. Boston, Massachusetts and New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-57042-5.
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Oakley, Brian, ed. (2006), The Bletchley Park War Diaries: July 1939 — August 1945 (2.6 ed.), Wynne Press
O'Connell, H; Fitzgerald, M (2003), "Did Alan Turing have Asperger's syndrome?", Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine (Irish Institute of Psychological Medicine) 20: 28–31, ISSN 0790-9667
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Alan Mathison Turing", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
Petzold, Charles (2008). "The Annotated Turing: A Guided Tour through Alan Turing's Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine". Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 978-0-470-22905-7
Smith, Roger (1997). Fontana History of the Human Sciences. London: Fontana.
Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976). Computer Power and Human Reason. London: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0463-3
Turing, Sara Stoney (1959). Alan M Turing. W Heffer. Turing's mother, who survived him by many years, wrote this 157-page biography of her son, glorifying his life. It was published in 1959, and so could not cover his war work. Scarcely 300 copies were sold (Sara Turing to Lyn Newman, 1967, Library of St John's College, Cambridge). The six-page foreword by Lyn Irvine includes reminiscences and is more frequently quoted.
Whitemore, Hugh (1988). Breaking the code. S. French. This 1986 Hugh Whitemore play tells the story of Turing's life and death. In the original West End and Broadway runs, Derek Jacobi played Turing and he recreated the role in a 1997 television film based on the play made jointly by the BBC and WGBH, Boston. The play is published by Amber Lane Press, Oxford, ASIN: B000B7TM0Q
Williams, Michael R. (1985) A History of Computing Technology, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-8186-7739-2
Yates, David M. (1997). Turing's Legacy: A history of computing at the National Physical Laboratory 1945–1995. London: London Science Museum. ISBN 0-901805-94-7. OCLC 123794619 40624091.

External links

100 years from Alan Turing birth
Alan Turing RKBExplorer
Alan Turing Year
Google Doodle for Alan Turing 100th Birthday Archived Juliu 28, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
CiE 2012: Turing Centenary Conference
Visual Turing Archived Juliu 28, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Turing Machine calculators at Wolfram Alpha
Alan Turing site maintained by Andrew Hodges including a short biography
AlanTuring.net – Turing Archive for the History of Computing by Jack Copeland
The Turing Archive^{[suglung a mepatad]} – contains scans of some unpublished documents and material from the Kings College, Cambridge archive
Jones, G. James (11 December 2001). "Alan Turing – Towards a Digital Mind: Part 1". System Toolbox (The Binary Freedom Project). Archived from the original on 3 August 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070803163318/http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?history_id=3. Retrieved on 23 June 2012.
Sherborne School Archives – holds papers relating to Alan Turing's time at Sherborne School
Alan Turing plaques recorded on openplaques.org
Tech world preps to honor 'Father of Computer Science' Alan Turing, as centenary nears^{[suglung a mepatad]}

Papers

An extensive list of Turing's papers, reports and lectures, plus translated versions and collections BibNetWiki
List of publications from Microsoft Academic Search.
Turing, Alan (October 1950), "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Mind LIX (236): 433–460, doi:10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433, ISSN 0026-4423, http://loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html, retrieved on 2008-08-18
Oral history interview with Nicholas C. Metropolis, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Metropolis was the first director of computing services at Los Alamos National Laboratory; topics include the relationship between Alan Turing and John von Neumann

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|PLACE OF BIRTH=Paddington, London, England |DATE OF DEATH=7 Juniu 1954 |PLACE OF DEATH=Manchester, England }}

[frs-1] Newman, M. H. A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 1: 253. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019.

[AFP-2] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AFP

[3] Homer, Steven and Alan L. (2001). Computability and Complexity Theory. Springer via Google Books limited view. ISBN 0-387-95055-9. Retrieved on 13 May 2011.

[4] Leavitt 2007, pp. 231–233

[5] Turing, A. M. (1952). "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B 237 (641): 37–72. doi:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012.

[PM-apology-6] "PM apology after Turing petition", BBC News (11 September 2009).

[1]

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Notes

Dalerayan

Further reading

External links

Papers