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Louis Mountbatten

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"Louis Mountbatten" dilencongkan ke sini. Untuk bapanya, Marquess Pertama dari Milford Haven, sila lihat Putera Louis Battenberg.
Yang Amat Berhormat Laksamana Armada
Earl Mountbatten Burma
KG GCB OM GCSI GCIE GCVO DSO PC FRS
Earl Mountbatten dari Burma, 1976
Fotograf oleh Allan Warren
First Sea Lord
Dalam jawatan
18 April 1955 – 19 Oktober 1959
Perdana MenteriAnthony Eden
Harold Macmillan
Didahului olehRhoderick McGrigor
Digantikan olehCharles Lambe
Gabenor Jeneral India
Dalam jawatan
15 Ogos 1947 – 21 Jun 1948
RajaGeorge VI
Perdana MenteriJawaharlal Nehru
Didahului olehDiri sendiri (Wizurai India)
Digantikan olehChakravarti Rajagopalachari
Wizurai India
Dalam jawatan
12 Februari 1947 – 15 Ogos 1947
RajaGeorge VI
Didahului olehThe Viscount Wavell
Digantikan olehDiri sendiri (Gabenor Jeneral India)
Maklumat peribadi
Lahir
Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas

(1900-06-25)25 Jun 1900
Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire, England
Mati27 Ogos 1979(1979-08-27) (umur 79)
Mullaghmore, County Sligo, Ireland
Cause of deathPembunuhan
PasanganEdwina Ashley
(k. 1922; m. 1960)
Anak
Ibu bapa
Tempat belajarChrist's College, Cambridge
Bidang pengkhususanPegawai tentera laut
Perkhidmatan tentera
Cabang/khidmatRoyal Navy
Tahun khidmat1913–65
PangkatLaksamana Armada
PangkalanKetua Turus Pertahanan (1959–65)
First Sea Lord (1955–59)
Armada Mediterranean (1952–54)
Fourth Sea Lord (1950–52)
Pemerintah Bersekutu Tertinggi, Markas Asia Tenggara (1943–46)
Ketua Operasi Gabungan (1941–43)
HMS Illustrious (1941)
HMS Kelly (1939–41)
HMS Wishart (1934–36)
HMS Daring (1934)
Perang/PertempuranPerang Dunia I
Perang Dunia II
Anugerah tenteraKnight of the Garter
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Member of the Order of Merit
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Distinguished Service Order
Dipuji Dalam Perutusan

Laksamana Armada Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, Earl Pertama Mountbatten dari Burma (lahir Putera Louis dari Battenberg; 25 Jun 1900 – 27 Ogos 1979), KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS[1], adalah seorang pegawai tentera laut British dan negarawan, pak cik kepada Putera Philip, Duke Edinburgh, dan sepupu kedua Elizabeth II. Semasa Perang Dunia II, beliau adalah Pemerintah Bersekutu Tertinggi, Markas Asia Tenggara (1943–46). Beliau merupakan Wizurai India (1947) yang terakhir dan Gabenor Jeneral pertama India merdeka (1947–48).

Dari tahun 1954 hingga 1959 beliau menjadi First Sea Lord, iaitu jawatan yang telah disandang oleh bapanya, Putera Louis Battenberg, empat puluh tahun yang lalu. Selepas itu beliau berkhidmat sebagai Ketua Turus Pertahanan sehingga tahun 1965, menjadikannya ketua profesional paling lama berkhidmat dalam Angkatan Tentera British setakat ini. Semasa tempoh itu Mountbatten juga berkhidmat sebagai Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Ketenteraan NATO selama setahun.

Pada tahun 1979, Mountbatten dan cucunya Nicholas, serta dua yang lain telah dibunuh oleh Tentera Republikan Sementara Ireland (IRA), yang telah meletakkan bom didalam bot memancingnya, Shadow V, di Mullaghmore, County Sligo, Ireland.

Anugerah kebesaran

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Reben Nama Tarikh kurniaan
Knight of the Garter (KG) 1946[2]
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) 1955
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) 1945[3]
Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) 1943
Member of the Order of Merit (Military Division) (OM) 1965[4]
Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (GCSI) 1947
Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) 1947
Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) 1937[5]
Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) 1922[6]
Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO) 1920[7]
Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) 1941[8]
Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (KStJ) 1940[9]
Commander of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (CStJ) 1929[10]
British War Medal
Victory Medal
1939–45 Star
Atlantic Star
Africa Star
Burma Star
Italy Star
Defence Medal
War Medal 1939–1945
Naval General Service Medal
King George V Coronation Medal 1911
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal 1935
King George VI Coronation Medal 1937
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal 1952
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal 1977
Indian Independence Medal 1949
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Kingdom of Spain) – 1922[11]
Order of the Nile, Fourth Class Templat:Country data Kingdom of Egypt (Kingdom of Egypt)  – 1922[11]
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Romania) – 1924[11]
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania (Romania) – 1937[11]
War Cross (Kingdom of Greece) – 1941[12]
Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States) – 1943[13]
Special Grand Cordon of the Order of the Cloud and Banner (Republic of China) – 1945[14]
Distinguished Service Medal (United States) – 1945[15]
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (United States) – 1945
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (France) – 1946[16]
1939–1945 War Cross (France) – 1946
Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Nepal (Kingdom of Nepal) – 1946[16]
King Birendra Coronation Medal (Kingdom of Nepal) – 24 February 1975
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the White Elephant (Kingdom of Thailand) – 1946[16]
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of George I (Kingdom of Greece) – 1946[17]
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (Kingdom of the Netherlands) – 1948[18]
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Aviz (Portuguese Republic) – 1951[11]
Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (Kingdom of Sweden) – 1952[19]
Grand Commander of the Order of Thiri Thudhamma (Union of Burma) – 1956[13]
Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog (Kingdom of Denmark) – 1962[11]
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Seal of Solomon Templat:Country data Ethiopian Empire (Ethiopian Empire) – 1965[11]

Rujukan

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Nota kaki

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  1. ^ Zuckerman (1981), m/s. 354–366.
  2. ^ "No. 37807". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 Disember 1946. m/s. 5945. KG
  3. ^ "No. 37023". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 April 1945. m/s. 1893. KCB
  4. ^ "No. 43713". The London Gazette. 16 Julai 1965. m/s. 6729. OM
  5. ^ "No. 34365". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 Januari 1937. m/s. 693. GCVO
  6. ^ "No. 32730". The London Gazette. 18 Julai 1922. m/s. 5353. KCVO
  7. ^ "No. 32086". The London Gazette. 15 Oktober 1920. m/s. 9987. MVO
  8. ^ "No. 35029". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 Disember 1940. m/s. 25. DSO
  9. ^ "No. 34878". The London Gazette. 21 Jun 1940. m/s. 3777. KJStJ
  10. ^ "No. 33453". The London Gazette. 1 Januari 1929. m/s. 49. CStJ
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Kingston upon Thames, Surrey: Kelly's Directories. 1976. m/s. 882 – melalui Google Books.
  12. ^ "No. 35538". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 April 1942. m/s. 1850. Military Cross (Second Class) (Greece)
  13. ^ a b Ziegler (1989), m/s. 18, 254.
  14. ^ "No. 37023". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 April 1945. m/s. 1895. Order of the Cloud and Banner (China)
  15. ^ "No. 37299". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 Oktober 1945. m/s. 4954. DSM (US)
  16. ^ a b c "Draped with Honors Mountbatten Steps Down as Defense Chief". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. 17 Julai 1965. Dicapai pada 13 September 2013 – melalui Google News.
  17. ^ "No. 37777". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 November 1946. m/s. 5418. Order of George I (Greece)
  18. ^ "No. 38176". The London Gazette. 13 Januari 1948. m/s. 274. Order of the Netherlands Lion
  19. ^ "Mountbatten's coat of arms as a Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim". Dicapai pada 20 September 2012.[sumber tak boleh dipercayai?]

Works cited

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Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994). The Prince of Wales: A Biography. New York: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-12996-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1973). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. London: Burke's Peerage. ISBN 978-0220662226.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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Schofield, Victoria (2010). Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War. New York: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1848851057.
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Stoessinger, John (2010). Why Nations Go to War?. Boston: Wadsworth–Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0495797180.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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Villa, Brian Loring (1989). Unauthorised Action: Mountbatten and the Dieppe Raid. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-540804-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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Wolpert, Stanley A. (2006). Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195393941.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Ziegler, Philip (1985). Mountbatten: The Official Biography. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0002165433.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Ziegler, Philip (1989). From Shore to Shore: The Tour Diaries of Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1953–1979. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0002176064 – melalui Google Books. Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Ziegler, Philip (Januari 2011) [first published 2004]. "Mountbatten, Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas, first Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979)". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ed. Online). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31480. Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Zuckerman, Lord (November 1981). "Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, OM 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 27: 354–366. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1981.0014. JSTOR 769876.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Bacaan lanjut

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Copland, Ian. "Lord Mountbatten and the integration of the Indian states: A reappraisal." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 21#2 (1993): 385–408.
Hough, Richard (1980). Mountbatten: Hero of Our Time. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297778059.
Knatchbull, Timothy (2010). From a Clear Blue Sky. London: Arrow. ISBN 978-0099543589.
Leigh, David (1988). The Wilson Plot: The Intelligence Services and the Discrediting of a Prime Minister 1945–1976. London: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0434413409.
Moore, R. J. "Mountbatten, India, and the Commonwealth" Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 19.1 (1981): 5–43.
Murfett, Malcolm (1995). The First Sea Lords from Fisher to Mountbatten. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-94231-7.
Roberts, Andrew (2004). Eminent Churchillians. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-1857992137., 55–136.
Smith, Adrian (2010). Mountbatten: Apprentice War Lord 1900–1943. London: I B Tauris. ISBN 978-1848853744.
Terraine, John (1968). The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0090888108.
Von Tunzelmann, Alex (2008). Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire. London: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-1416522256.

Pautan luar

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Pejabat-pejabat kerajaan
Didahului oleh
Viscount Wavell 		Wizurai India
1947 		Diikuti oleh:
Sendiri
Diikuti oleh:
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Didahului oleh
Sendiri
sebagai Wizurai India 		Gabenor Jeneral India
1947–1948 		Diikuti oleh:
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Gelaran Kehormat
Didahului oleh
Duke of Wellington 		Gabenor Isle of Wight
1965–1974 		Diikuti oleh:
Sendiri
Didahului oleh
Sendiri
sebagai Gabenor Isle of Wight 		Lord Lieutenant Isle of Wight
1974–1979 		Diikuti oleh:
John Nicholson
Pegawai tentera
Didahului oleh
Herbert Packer 		Fourth Sea Lord
1950–1952 		Diikuti oleh:
Sydney Raw
Didahului oleh
John Edelsten 		Panglima Armada Mediterranean
1952–1954 		Diikuti oleh:
Guy Grantham
Didahului oleh
Rhoderick McGrigor 		First Sea Lord
1955–1959 		Diikuti oleh:
Charles Lambe
Didahului oleh
William Dickson 		Ketua Turus Pertahanan
1959–1965 		Diikuti oleh:
Richard Hull
Didahului oleh
Rustu Erdelhun 		Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Ketenteraan NATO
1960–1961 		Diikuti oleh:
Lyman Lemnitzer
Bangsawan United Kingdom
Ciptaan baharu Viscount Mountbatten of Burma
1946–1979 		Diikuti oleh:
Patricia Knatchbull
Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Baron Romsey
1947–1979
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