Cucurbita

Cucurbita ( basa Latin kanggo gourd ) ^[1] ^[2] minangka jinis tanduran anggur ing kulawarga labu, Cucurbitaceae (uga dikenal minangka cucurbits utawa cucurbi ) asale saka Andes lan Mesoamerica . Lima spesies ditanam ing saindenging jagad amarga woh-wohan sing bisa dipangan, sing beda diarani labu, waluh, utawa labu, gumantung saka spesies, macem-macem, lan basa lokal, ^[a] lan kanggo wiji. Jenis labu liyane, uga diarani labu-botol, asale saka Afrika lan kalebu genus Lagenaria, sing kalebu kulawarga lan kulawarga liya karo Cucurbita, nanging ing suku liyane . Gourds liyane digunakake kanggo piranti utawa prau, lan woh-wohan sing isih enom dipangan kaya spesies Cucurbita.

Kultivar

Spesies Cucurbita dadi rong klompok utama. Klompok kaping pisanan yaiku wit anggur perennial tahunan utawa ora suwe lan mesofitik, yaiku mbutuhake pasokan banyu sing luwih utawa kurang. Klompok nomer loro yaiku perennial sing tuwuh ing zona garing lan uga xerofitik, ngidinke kahanan garing. Spesies Cucurbita sing dibudidayakake dijupuk saka klompok pertama. Tuwuh 5 to 15 meters (16 to 49 ft) ing dhuwur utawa dawa, batang tanduran ngasilake lambung kanggo nulungi tanduran lan struktur sing jejer utawa njembarake ing sadawane lemah. Umume spesies ora gampang oyot saka simpul; istiméwa sing misuwur yaiku C. ficifolia, lan papat mesofit budidaya liyane, nindakake iki kanthi luwih sithik. Vine saka Cucurbita saka saka bisa dadi semiwoody yen tuwuh dadi gedhe. Ana macem-macem ukuran, wujud, lan warna ing antarane woh-wohan Cucurbita, lan uga ing siji spesies. C. ficifolia minangka istiméwa, amarga katon seragam banget. ^[4] Variasi morfologis ing spesies C. pepo ^[5] lan C. maxima ^[6] jembar banget saengga macem-macem subspesies lan kultivar wis dingerteni minangka spesies sing beda-beda.

Nandur

Spesies cucurbita digunakake minangka tanduran panganan kanthi larva saka sawetara spesies Lepidoptera, kalebu ngengat kubis ( Mamestra brassicae ), Hypercompe indecisa, lan moth turnip ( Agrotis segetum ). ^[7] Cucurbita bisa rentan karo hama Bemisia argentifolii ( whiteleaf whitefly ) ^[8] uga aphids ( Aphididae ), kumbang timun ( Acalymma vittatum lan Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi ), bug labu ( Anasa tristis ), petani anggur labu ( Melittia cucurbitae ), lan spidermit sing katon loro ( Tetranychus urticae ). ^[9] Bug squash nyebabake kerusakan gedhe ing tanduran amarga salira beracun banget. ^[10] Kumbang labu abang ( Raphidopalpa foveicollis ) minangka hama cucurbits sing serius, utamane waluh, sing bisa ngombe. ^[11] Cucurbits rentan kena penyakit kayata layu bakteri ( Erwinia tracheiphila ), antrasnosa ( Colletotrichum spp.), Layu fusarium ( Fusarium spp.), Penyakit fitofthora ( Phytophthora spp. Cetakan banyu ), lan jamur bubuk ( Erysiphe spp. ). Tanggepan pertahanan tumrap patogen godhong virus, jamur, lan bakteri ora kalebu cucurbitacin. ^[12]

Referensi

↑ Burrows, George E.; Tyrl, Ronald J. (2013). Toxic Plants of North America. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. kc. 389–391. ISBN 978-0-8138-2034-7.
↑ Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. kc. 127. ISBN 9780521866453.
↑ Ferriol, María; Picó, Belén (2007). "3". Handbook of Plant Breeding: Vegetables I. New York: Springer. kc. 317. ISBN 978-0-387-72291-7. The common terms "pumpkin", "squash", "gourd", "cushaw", "ayote", "zapallo", "calabaza", etc. are often applied indiscriminately to different cultivated species of the New World genus Cucurbita L. (Cucurbitaceae): C. pepo L., C. maxima Duchesne, C. moschata Duchesne, C. argyrosperma C. Huber and C. ficifolia Bouché.
↑ Nee, Michael (1990). "The Domestication of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae)". Economic Botany. New York: New York Botanical Gardens Press. 44 (3, Supplement: New Perspectives on the Origin and Evolution of New World Domesticated Plants): 56–68. doi:10.1007/BF02860475. JSTOR 4255271.
↑ Decker-Walters, Deena S.; Staub, Jack E.; Chung, Sang-Min; Nakata, Eijiro; Quemada, Hector D. (2002). "Diversity in Free-Living Populations of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae) as Assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA". Systematic Botany. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. 27 (1): 19–28. JSTOR 3093892.
↑ Millán, R. (1945). "Variaciones del Zapallito Amargo Cucurbita andreana y el Origen de Cucurbita maxima". Revista Argentina de Agronomía (ing basa Spanyol). 12: 86–93.
↑ "Pumpkin". Drugs.com. 2009. Dibukak ing September 1, 2013.
↑ McAuslane, Heather J.; Webb, Susan E.; Elmstrom, Gary W. (June 1996). "Resistance in Germplasm of Cucurbita pepo to Silverleaf, a Disorder Associated with Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)". The Florida Entomologist. Lutz, FL: Florida Entomological Society. 79 (2): 206–221. doi:10.2307/3495818. JSTOR 3495818. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2017-09-21. Dibukak ing 2021-03-10.
↑ "Vegetable Pumpkin". University of Illinois Extension. Diarsip saka sing asli ing August 20, 2013. Dibukak ing October 20, 2013.
↑ "Common Name: Squash Bug". University of Florida. Dibukak ing October 26, 2013.
↑ "Pumpkin beetle". Pests of Cucurbits. IndiaAgroNet.com. Dibukak ing 20 May 2016.
↑ Tallamy, Douglas W.; Krischik, Vera A. (1989). "Variation and Function of Cucurbitacins in Cucurbita: An Examination of Current Hypotheses". The American Naturalist. The University of Chicago Press. 133 (6): 766–786. doi:10.1086/284952. JSTOR 2462036.

Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ana tumrap golongan aran "lower-alpha", nanging tenger <references group="lower-alpha"/> sing magepokan ora ana, utawa </ref> panutup ora ana

[burrows2-1] Burrows, George E.; Tyrl, Ronald J. (2013). Toxic Plants of North America. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. kc. 389–391. ISBN 978-0-8138-2034-7.

[gledhill2-2] Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. kc. 127. ISBN 9780521866453.

[Ferriol-3] Ferriol, María; Picó, Belén (2007). "3". Handbook of Plant Breeding: Vegetables I. New York: Springer. kc. 317. ISBN 978-0-387-72291-7. The common terms "pumpkin", "squash", "gourd", "cushaw", "ayote", "zapallo", "calabaza", etc. are often applied indiscriminately to different cultivated species of the New World genus Cucurbita L. (Cucurbitaceae): C. pepo L., C. maxima Duchesne, C. moschata Duchesne, C. argyrosperma C. Huber and C. ficifolia Bouché.

[nee-5] Nee, Michael (1990). "The Domestication of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae)". Economic Botany. New York: New York Botanical Gardens Press. 44 (3, Supplement: New Perspectives on the Origin and Evolution of New World Domesticated Plants): 56–68. doi:10.1007/BF02860475. JSTOR 4255271.

[deckerwalters-6] Decker-Walters, Deena S.; Staub, Jack E.; Chung, Sang-Min; Nakata, Eijiro; Quemada, Hector D. (2002). "Diversity in Free-Living Populations of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae) as Assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA". Systematic Botany. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. 27 (1): 19–28. JSTOR 3093892.

[maximadiffspecies-7] Millán, R. (1945). "Variaciones del Zapallito Amargo Cucurbita andreana y el Origen de Cucurbita maxima". Revista Argentina de Agronomía (ing basa Spanyol). 12: 86–93.

[drugscom-8] "Pumpkin". Drugs.com. 2009. Dibukak ing September 1, 2013.

[mcauslane-9] McAuslane, Heather J.; Webb, Susan E.; Elmstrom, Gary W. (June 1996). "Resistance in Germplasm of Cucurbita pepo to Silverleaf, a Disorder Associated with Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)". The Florida Entomologist. Lutz, FL: Florida Entomological Society. 79 (2): 206–221. doi:10.2307/3495818. JSTOR 3495818. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2017-09-21. Dibukak ing 2021-03-10.

[pestdisease-10] "Vegetable Pumpkin". University of Illinois Extension. Diarsip saka sing asli ing August 20, 2013. Dibukak ing October 20, 2013.

[uflbug-11] "Common Name: Squash Bug". University of Florida. Dibukak ing October 26, 2013.

[12] "Pumpkin beetle". Pests of Cucurbits. IndiaAgroNet.com. Dibukak ing 20 May 2016.

[tallamy-13] Tallamy, Douglas W.; Krischik, Vera A. (1989). "Variation and Function of Cucurbitacins in Cucurbita: An Examination of Current Hypotheses". The American Naturalist. The University of Chicago Press. 133 (6): 766–786. doi:10.1086/284952. JSTOR 2462036.

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