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Esemokwu Kachin

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Esemokwu Kachin
agha
Akụkụ nkeMyanmar conflict Dezie
mba/obodoMyanmar Dezie
ebeSteeti Kachin, Shan State Dezie
oge omelu5 Febụwarị 1961 Dezie
oge obidoro5 Febụwarị 1961 Dezie

Esemokwu Kachin ma ọ bụ agha Kachin bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ego a na-akpọ ọnụ dị ka mgbalị ime na Myanmar .  Ndị ọgba aghara ndị Kachin na-alụ ọgụ megide Tatmadaw (Ndị agha Myanmar) 1961, ebe naanị otu nnukwu ọgbaghara na-agbakọ n'etiti ha, nke dịgidere site na 1994 ruo 2011, ihe nke afọ 17.

ndabere

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.Kachin (ma ọ bụ Jingpo) bụ njikọ nke isii nke ala nna ha ndị na-egwu na ugwu Kachin nke ugwu Myanmar, na ndị China ( Yunnan ) na ugwu egwuregwu India .  Mgbe Burmese nwesịrị akwụkwọ onwe na United Kingdom, ọtụtụ-ere pere mpe, asị ndị Kachin, kwalitere maka iweri onwe ha na-ama onwe.  Ndị ụzọndọrọ ụzọ hiwere Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) n'afọ 1960 n'ihi iwe dị n'etiti otu Bamar ọtụtụ na ndị Kachin.  E hiwere Kachin Independence Army (KIA) dị ka nku ya na 1961, na-eme dị ka ndị agha nkeonwe nwere ndị otu 27. Nawọn 1960s ndị KIA fim ịgbasa na ịba na-ahụ n'ọnụọgụ, ngwaọrụ mgbe ndị Burmese 1962 ya na na  ihe iyi egwu sitere n'aka ndị ahịa pere mpe

Esemokwu mbụ (1961–1994)

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N'ịgbaso mkpochapụ otu ihe nke iwu Union of Burma site n'aka General Ne Win na ọdịiche ya na 1962, ọtụtụ ndị agha Kachin na Tatmadaw (ndị agha) gbapụrụ wee sonye na Kachin Independence Army (KIA).  Ọ bụghị na nanị ndị KIA lụsoro ndị agha otiti, kama mgbe ụfọdụ, ha na ndị Kọmunist na-alụ ogụ n'akwụkwọ na n'ime ndị agha ha.  Òtù Kọmunist nke Burma (CPB) bụbu onye mmekọ na ndị iro nke KIA n'oge dị iche iche, na otu òtù ndị Kọmunist akwụkwọ na KIA na 1989, ihe New Democratic Army - Kachin (NDA-K).

Mgbe agha ndị agha Mianma lụsịrị na 1994 weghaara ọtụtụ ogbunigwe jed na steeti Kachin, ndị KIA bịanyere aka n'ịgụkọta ozi na ndị agha SLORC na-achị n'oge ahụ na 24 February 1994, nke butere njedebe nke buru ibu nke ahụ.  .  dịruru ruo June 2011.

Esemokwu nke abụọ (2011-ugbu a)

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. [1]Esemokwu agha ahụ n'etiti Kachin Independence Army (KIA) na ndị agha Myanmar na 9 June 2011, mgbe ndị agha mebiri ihie ahụ wee wakpoo ọnọdụ KIA n' violet sere Taping n'ebe egwuregwu nke Bhamo, Kachin State, na nso  Taping hydroelectric osisi.  [1] Ọgụ mere na steeti Kachin niile, yana egwu ugwu ike nke steeti Shan .  [2]

2012

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[2]N'afọ 2012, agha ike ukwuu nke ndidi ahụ mere na March, n'okporo ụzọ Myitkyina - Bhamo .  [1] N'April, agha maka Pangwa dị na Chipwi Township dị nso na Luchang bụ ndị KIA na ndị agha mgbasa.  Esemokwu gbawara ụzo na-ekiri, mgbe ndị KIA, iwe iwe iweghara ndị agha Burmese na gburugburu Pangwa .  Mwakpo ndị KIA gara nke ọma ma ndị agha Mianmaa la ike n'I jide ahụ ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke nchọpụta.  [2] [3] [4] N'August, ndị KIA kwuru na ndị agha agha 140 gburugburu mgbe ha gbawara ogbunigwe e liri n'ime ogbunigwe Myauk Phyu ("White Monkey"), bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Wai Aung Kaba nwe

2013

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Mwakpo ikuku na ngwa agha ndị agha Mianma bidoro mebie ọnọdụ KIA siri ike site na Disemba 2012 ruo Jenụwarị 2013. </link>

. [3]Na 2 Januarị 2013, mgbanaka Burmese na ọ na- ogụ ụgbọ elu ụbọchị ole na ole gara aga megide ndị nnupụisi, na ugwu Kachin, na nzaghachi na ikike nke Kachin Independence Army.  [1] Gọọmenti US kwuru na ọ “ga-tọ akwụkwọ anyị n'ihu ọha maka nhọrọ ike Myanmar ji.  [2] Na 3 January 2013, ndị KIA boro ebubo na ogbunigwe ikuku gara n'ihu na-eme ụbọchị nke isii na mpaghara gburugburu Laiza na e boro ebubo na ndị agha Myanmar na- ihe ngwa agha kemịkal [3] Secretary General UN Ban  Ki Moon kwuru.  na-esochi ihe omume ndị dị Burma kwesịrị "ịkwụsị ime ihe ọ lụa ike ike ndụ ndị n'ihi bi n'ebe ahụ egwu ma ọ bụ mee ka ndị kawanye njọ na mpaghara ahụ".

2014

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Na 14 June 2014, ndị mmegide KIA weghaara ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ọkụ abụọ wee kpụrụ ndị agha gọọmentị isii na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ China n'agha ruo ọtụtụ awa, tupu ndị agha Myanmar wakpoo ụlọ ndị ahụ. Ngụkọta mmadụ isii nwụrụ na mmadụ anọ merụrụ ahụ n'ihe a mere. </link>

Mgbalị nkwụsị ọkụ

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Ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka nkwụsị ọkụ emeela n'etiti ndị agha Independence Kachin na gọọmentị Myanmar kemgbe agha maliteghachiri na June 2011. Dị ka akụkọ 18 December 2012 sitere na onye nta akụkọ Swedish Bertil Lintner na Hong Kong Asia Times Online, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ akatọwo mgbalị nkwụsị nke mba ọzọ na-akwado maka "ịzere mkparịta ụka nke okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-emesi ike nkwụsị, nkwụsị agha na mmepe akụ na ụba, ndị na-emekọrịta ihe. -gụnyere 'Peace Support Initiative' nke gọọmentị Norway na-akwado yana n'ụzọ dị iche , Center for Humanitarian Dialogue dabeere na Switzerland - na-akwalite echiche gọọmentị. Ndị Australia kọrọ na ụfọdụ ndị isi azụmahịa Kachin na-akpọ Aung San Suu Kyi ka o nyere aka dozie esemokwu ahụ [4] na 6 Jenụwarị 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi kwuru na ya enweghị ike ịbanye na mkparita ụka ahụ na-enweghị akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù gọọmentị. mee otú ahụ, nke ọ nataghị. [5]

A kọrọ na gọọmentị Thein Sein nọ na nrụgide sitere na "ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị azụmahịa" bụ ndị kwenyere na "esemokwu na-arịwanye elu ga-emebi mpụta Myanmar site na ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" ma nyefee mkpebi na nzuko omeiwu na-akpọ Min Aung Hlaing, ọchịagha ndị agha. -in-chief, ịgbada agha. [6] Min Aung Hlaing zara site n'ikwu na ndị agha ga-ebuso ọgụ naanị na "nchekwa onwe" - echiche ọ na-enye kemgbe December 2011 [7] maka ịgba akwụkwọ maka agha megide KIA na ihe kpatara o nyere maka ikwe ka ikuku agha na-aga. Ndị nnupụisi na-amalite na 26 Disemba 2012. [8]

Mkparịta ụka e mere iji depụta nkwekọrịta nkwụsịtụ mba niile malitere n'April 2014 na Myanmar Peace Center n'etiti ndị nnọchiteanya nke agbụrụ dị iche iche na ndị ọchịchị Burmese, mana KIA na Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) esoghị na ndị na-akparịta ụka. [9] [10]

2018

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N'agbata 1 na 6 Eprel 2018, ndị agha Tatmadaw boro ebubo na ha wakporo ọnọdụ KIA na obodo Mansi na-achịkwa KIA, n'agbanyeghị na enweghị akụkọ banyere ọgụ sitere na mpaghara ahụ. Ndị KIA mechara wakpo ọdụ ndị agha Tatmadaw's Battalion 86 dị na Hpakant Township na 6 Eprel 2018, gbuo ndị agha gọọmentị asatọ wee jide mmadụ 13. [11] Ka ọ na-erule Eprel 10, 2018, ndị obodo kwuru na ndị agha Tatmadaw 18 na ndị otu KIA atọ nwụrụ n'ọgụ a. [12]

Ebubo nke mmegbu ndị Tatmadaw mere megide ndị nkịtị pụtara na Machị na Eprel 2018, [13] nke gụnyere ebubo na ndị agha Tatmadaw gbagburu kpọmkwem ma gbuo ndị Kachin abụọ [14] na ndị ọrụ ugbo Shanni isii. [15] Ọtụtụ ndị nkịtị merụkwara ahụ n'ọkụ ọgbụgba ahụ. [16]

2021 - dị ugbu a

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Mgbe agha Mianmaa 2021 gasịrị, ndị KIA jụrụ ịnakwere ọchịchị ndị agha na n'oge na-adịghị anya, esemokwu maliteghachiri n'etiti ndị KIA na ndị agha ọchịchị.

Na 25 Maachị, ndị KIA weghaara ọdụ ndị agha nke Alaw Bum dị nso na Laiza, nke ha tụfuru kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 20. Na 11 Eprel, ndị agha junta malitere mbuso agha iji weghachite ebe ahụ site na iji mwakpo ikuku na ndị agha ala. [17] Ndị agha ahụ merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu wee laghachi azụ mgbe agha ụbọchị atọ gasịrị. [18]

Na 7 Mee, ọnụ na-ekwuchitere KIA kwuru na ndị agha ahụ merụrụ ahụ ka ụgbọ elu ndị agha gọọmentị tụbara bọmbụ na-ezighi ezi na ndị agha nke ha na Momauk Township. [19]

Egbuwokwa ndị nkịtị n'ọgụ yana egburukwa ha kpọmkwem. [20] Ndị nkịtị na-agbap���karị site n'ọgụ ma na-eche ihe egwu dị ka ogbunigwe nke ndị agha gọọmenti na ndị nnupụisi na-atụkarịsịa n'elebaraghị ndị nkịtị anya. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị nkịtị gafere ókèala ha na China ihe ka ọtụtụ nọ na mgbago ugwu Burma ruo Disemba 2012.

  1. ↑ Burma army buildup near Laiza suggests push for KIO capital. Kachin news. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved on 19 February 2015.
  2. ↑ "KIA says 211 army soldiers die in two-month fighting in Hpakant", kachinnews.com, 10 October 2012. Retrieved on 12 March 2018. (in en-gb)
  3. ↑ Lindsay Murdoch. "Burmese military admits air strike on rebels", The Age. Retrieved on 19 February 2015.
  4. ↑ "Suu Kyi 'should' help with Kachin", The Australian, 5 January 2013. Retrieved on 19 February 2015.
  5. ↑ Suu Kyi refuses to intervene in Kachin conflict. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013. Retrieved on 7 January 2013.
  6. ↑ Robinson (18 January 2013). Myanmar's military to end Kachin attacks - FT.com. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved on 12 March 2018.
  7. ↑ Hope and suspicion dog Myanmar cease-fire. United Press International (13 January 2012). Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved on 19 February 2015.
  8. ↑ Govt says Kachin air strikes 'self-defence' – DVB Multimedia Group. Dvb.no (4 January 2013). Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved on 19 February 2015.
  9. ↑ Kachin Rebels Requests Ceasefire Meeting After Recent Clashes. Irrawaddy.org (29 April 2014). Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved on 29 April 2014.
  10. ↑ Rangoon ceasefire talks a 'historic situation', says Gun Maw | DVB Multimedia Group. Dvb.no (6 April 2014). Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved on 29 April 2014.
  11. ↑ Weng. "KIA Raids Tatmadaw Base, Claims to Detain More than a Dozen Troops", The Irrawaddy, 9 April 2018. Retrieved on 15 April 2018.
  12. ↑ Thar. "UN appeals to fighters to spare civilians", The Myanmar Times, 10 April 2018. Retrieved on 15 April 2018. (in en)
  13. ↑ Hay. "'I feel helpless': Abuses plague Myanmar's Kachin conflict", Al Jazeera, 27 March 2018. Retrieved on 15 April 2018.
  14. ↑ Lwin. "Army Brings Case Against Relative of 2 Kachin Villagers Allegedly Killed by Soldiers", The Irrawaddy, 29 March 2018. Retrieved on 15 April 2018.
  15. ↑ "Six Shan Ni farmers missing after clashes in Kachin State", Mizzima, 13 April 2018. Retrieved on 15 April 2018. (in en)
  16. ↑ "Myanmar villagers caught in crossfire as Kachin conflict flares", United Nations High Commission for Refugees. Retrieved on 15 April 2018. (in en)
  17. ↑ Junta's armed forces launch attack to reclaim base seized by KIA. Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved on 1 June 2021.
  18. ↑ Myanmar Troops Sustain Heavy Casualties as Kachin Keep Control of Strategic Base. The Irrawaddy (14 April 2021). Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved on 1 June 2021.
  19. ↑ Myanmar Military Takes Heavy Casualties in Kachin State Fighting. The Irrawaddy (7 May 2021). Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved on 1 June 2021.
  20. ↑ Barriers to Reform in Myanmar: Displacement of Civilians in Kachin State. Oxmofm.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2013. Retrieved on 19 February 2015.
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