Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad

Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad
sarki emir of Seville (en)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Beja (en) , 1040
ƙasa	al-Andalus (en)
Mazauni	Ishbiliya (en)
Mutuwa	Aghmat (en) , 1095
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Abbad II al-Mu'tadid
Abokiyar zama	Al-Rumaikiyya (en)
Yara	view Buthaina bint al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad (en) Abu Nasr al-Fath al-Ma'mun (en)
Ƴan uwa	view Zaida of Seville (en) (sarakuwa)
Yare	Abbadid dynasty (en)
Karatu
Harsuna	Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a	maiwaƙe, marubuci da ɗan siyasa
Artistic movement	waƙa
Imani
Addini	Musulunci

al-Mu'tamid Muhammad ibn Abbad Ibn Ismail al-Lakhmi ( Larabci: المعتمد محمد ابن عباد بن اسماعيل اللخمي‎  ; mulki c. 1069–1091, ya rayu 1040 – 1095) shi ne na uku kuma na karshe mai mulkin taifa na Seville a Al-Andalus . Ya kasance memba na daular Abbadid .

Large parts of al-Andalus were under the dominion of al-Mu'tamid: to the west his territory encompassed the land between the lower Guadalquivir and Guadiana, plus the areas around Niebla, Huelva and Saltes. In the south it extended to Morón, Arcos, Ronda, and also Algeciras and Tarifa. The capital, Córdoba, was taken in 1070, lost in 1075, and regained in 1078

Lokacin da yake da shekaru 13 da haihuwa Al-Mu'tamid mahaifin ni'imtar da ita a kan shi da lakabi na Emir kuma nada da Andalusi Larabci mawãƙi Ibn Ammar kamar yadda ya vizier . Koyaya, Al-Mu'tamid ya faɗi ƙwarai a ƙarƙashin tasirin Ibn Ammar, kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin soyayya. Bayan dare daya na shayari da giya sai aka ruwaito cewa Al-Mu'tamid ya nace cewa su kwana tare "a wannan matashin kai daya." Mahaifin Al-Mu'tamid bai yarda da dangantaka da tasirin vizier ba (ba don Ibama Ammar talakawa ba ne) kuma ya tura shi gudun hijira don ya raba su biyu. ^[1]

Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Abbad II al-Mu'tadid a 1069, Al-Mu'tamid ya gaji Seville a matsayin khalifa . Ofaya daga cikin ayyukansa na farko shi ne tuna Ibn Ammar da kuma ba shi girmamawa ta soja da manyan ofisoshin siyasa, ciki har da Gwamnan Silves da Firayim Minista na gwamnati a Seville. Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa rikicin masoya bayan Ibn Ammar yayi mafarki cewa Al-Mu'tamid zai kashe shi. Halifa ya tabbatar masa da cewa ba zai taba yin irin wannan abu ba.

Wataƙila dalilin rashin jin daɗin ya girma daga gaskiyar cewa Firayim Minista ya ƙyale ɗan al-Mu'tamid, Prince al-Rasid, aka kama shi kuma aka yi garkuwa da shi yayin kamfen ɗin soja. Ya kuma bayyana kansa a matsayin sarkin Murcia ba tare da amincewa da haƙƙin mallakarsa da kyau ba. Mutanen biyu sun yi musanyar ayoyi cike da suka mai zafi da zargi. Daga baya an rasa Murcia kuma Ibn Ammar da kansa aka yi garkuwa da shi. Wani yunƙuri na ƙarshe don ƙulla makirci tare da ɗan basarake a kan mahaifinsa ya yi wa al-Mu'tamid yawa, wanda Kuma"ya faɗa cikin fushi kuma ya yi masa fyaɗe da hannunsa". Bayan mutuwar Ibn Ammar, an ba da rahoton cewa halifan ya yi baƙin ciki ƙwarai kuma ya yi wa tsohon abokin nasa jana'iza. ^[2]

Yawancin bangarorin al-Andalus sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon al-Mu'tamid: zuwa yamma yankinsa ya game ƙasar tsakanin ƙauyukan Guadalquivir da Guadiana, gami da yankunan Niebla, Huelva da Saltes. A kudu ya fadada zuwa Morón, Arcos, Ronda, da kuma Algeciras da Tarifa. Babban birnin, Córdoba, an ɗauke shi a cikin shekarar 1070, ya ɓace a cikin shekarar 1075, kuma ya sake dawowa a shekarar 1078.

Koyaya, har yanzu dangin sun kasance suna biyan haraji daga Sarkin Castile, wanda suka kasance masu lalata dashi. Zubar da wadannan haraji ya raunana karfin masarautar sosai: shawarar al-Mu'tamid na dakatar da biyan wadannan haraji ya haifar da Sarki Alfonso VI na Castile (wanda tuni ya ci Toledo a 1085) ya kewaye Seville. Al-Mu'tamid ya nemi taimako daga Berber Almoravids na Maroko a kan sarkin Castilian. Al-Mu'tamid ya goyi bayan sarki Almoravid Yusuf bin Tashfin akan Alfonso a yakin Sagrajas a 1086. 'Yan Maroko sun kafa kansu a Algeciras kuma, bayan da suka ci Nasara da Nasara, suka mamaye duk wani Taifas na Islama, gami da Seville kanta a cikin 1091. Bayan sun mamaye garin, al-Mu'tamid ya umarci 'ya'yansa maza da su ba da kagara (farkon Alcázar na Seville ) don ceton rayukansu. Lokacin da dansa, Rashid, ya ba shi shawarar kada ya kira Yusuf bn Tashfin, Al-Mu'tamid ya ƙi shi:

A cikin 1091 Al-Mu'tamid Almoravids suka kama shi zuwa bauta kuma suka yi hijira zuwa Aghmat, Morocco, inda ya mutu (ko kuma watakila an kashe shi) a 1095. Kabarin nasa yana can wajen garin Aghmat.

Al-Mu'tamid, ɗayan mashahuran mutane na al-Andalus na karni na 11, an girmama shi sosai a matsayin marubucin waƙa a cikin Larabci. Shi surukin Zaida ne na Seville, ƙwarƙwarar Alfonso VI na Castile, mai yiwuwa ya yi daidai da matar da ya zo daga baya, Sarauniya Isabella. Majiyoyin Musulmin Iberiya sun ce Zaida ta Seville matar matar dan Al-Mu'tamid ne Abu Nasr al-Fath al-Ma'mūn, Sarkin Taifa na Córdoba . ^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]} Bishop Pelayo na Oviedo ikirarin cewa Zaida 'yar Abenath (Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad), mai da'awar maimaita baya Yaren Kasar Kirista chroniclers cewa nace a rubuta tarihi ga daruruwan shekaru. Koyaya, marubutan tarihin musulinci ana daukar su amintattu ne, kuma gama gari tsakanin malamai a yanzu shi ne cewa Zaida suruka ce ta Al-Mu'tamid.

• Daular Abbadid
• Buthaina bint al-Mu'tamid bn Abbad

• Al-Mu'tamid bn Abbad: Wakoki
• Mawaki Sarkin Seville
• Al-Mu' tamid bn Abbad
• Wakar Al-Mu'tamid, a Turanci

1. ↑ Heather Ecker, Caliphs and kings: the art and influence of Islamic Spain, London, 2008
2. ↑ Levi Provencal, L'Espagne musulmane au Xe siècle. Institutions et vie sociale, Paris, 1932
3. ↑ Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (1991). "Jimena Muñoz, Amiga de Alfonso VI". Anuario de Estudios Medievales. 21: 11–40
4. ↑ Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1934). "La 'Mora Zaida' femme d'Alfonse VI de Castile et leur fils l'Infant D. Sancho". Hesperis. 18: 1–8,200–1.
5. ↑ Montaner Frutos, Alberto (2005). La Mora Zaida, entre historia y leyenda (con una reflexión sobre la técnica historiográfica alfonsí). Historicist Essays on Hispano-Medieval Narrative. "En conclusion, no hay razones de peso para considerar a Zaida otra cosa que la nuera de Almu'tamid, sin poder precisar su foiliacion." In English: "In conclusion, there are no compelling reasons to consider Zaida anything other than the daughter-in-law of Almu'tamid, without being able to specify her filiation." p. 279.
6. ↑ Palencia, Clemente (1988). "Historia y leyendas de las mujeres de Alfonso VI". Estudios sobre Alfonso VI y la reconquista de Toledo. pp. 281–90.
7. ↑ Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1992–1993). "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial". Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía. 2: 299–336.