risti
See also: rišti
Estonian
Etymology 1
Derived from rist.
Pronunciation
Adverb
risti (not comparable)
Etymology 2
Derived from the genitive of rist.
Pronunciation
Noun
risti (genitive risti, partitive ristit)
Declension
Declension of risti (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | risti | ristid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | risti | ||
genitive | ristide | ||
partitive | ristit | ristisid | |
illative | ristisse | ristidesse | |
inessive | ristis | ristides | |
elative | ristist | ristidest | |
allative | ristile | ristidele | |
adessive | ristil | ristidel | |
ablative | ristilt | ristidelt | |
translative | ristiks | ristideks | |
terminative | ristini | ristideni | |
essive | ristina | ristidena | |
abessive | ristita | ristideta | |
comitative | ristiga | ristidega |
Finnish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ, “cross”).
Further etymology
- Further from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ, from Old High German Krist, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós, “Christ”, literally “anointed”), thus distantly related to Kristus.
- Related to Estonian rist and Livonian rišt.
- The sense "clubs (card suit)" is a semantic loan from German Kreuz (as are Czech kříž, Russian кре́сти (krésti)), probably named so due to the shape's similarity to that of a cross (particularly the Greek cross and/or the cross pattée).
Noun
risti
- cross (shape)
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix
- Synonym: krusifiksi
- cross (execution device)
- Synonym: ristinpuu
- (typography) dagger (†)
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix
- (card games) clubs, club
- (music, informal) sharp (symbol ♯ in notation)
- Synonyms: ylennysmerkki, ylennys (informal), korotusmerkki (rare)
- (anatomy) Clipping of ristiselkä (“small of the back”, of animals).
Usage notes
risti typically refers to a horizontal cross (+). For the tilted symbol (x), see rasti and its synonyms.
Declension
Inflection of risti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | risti | ristit | |
genitive | ristin | ristien | |
partitive | ristiä | ristejä | |
illative | ristiin | risteihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | risti | ristit | |
accusative | nom. | risti | ristit |
gen. | ristin | ||
genitive | ristin | ristien | |
partitive | ristiä | ristejä | |
inessive | ristissä | risteissä | |
elative | rististä | risteistä | |
illative | ristiin | risteihin | |
adessive | ristillä | risteillä | |
ablative | ristiltä | risteiltä | |
allative | ristille | risteille | |
essive | ristinä | risteinä | |
translative | ristiksi | risteiksi | |
abessive | ristittä | risteittä | |
instructive | — | ristein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
compounds
- alttariristi
- ansioristi
- aurinkoristi
- eturistiside
- haarukkaristi
- haaruristi
- hakaristi
- hautaristi
- joukkoristiside
- jouluristi
- kahvaristi
- kaksoisristi
- kaksoisristikirkko
- kasteristi
- kulkueristi
- käsiristi
- maltanristi
- Mannerheim-risti
- muistoristi
- näköhermoristi
- piispanristi
- puuristi
- rautaristi
- rintaristi
- ristiaallokko
- ristiakka
- ristiallergia
- ristiaskel
- ristibarbi
- ristidipoli
- ristihermo
- ristiholvi
- ristihuuli
- ristihyppely
- ristihämähäkki
- ristiinajo
- ristiinnaulinta
- ristiinnaulita
- ristiinomistus
- ristiinpukeutuminen
- ristiintaulukointi
- ristiinäänestys
- risti-istunta
- ristijousi
- ristijousto
- Ristijärvi
- ristijätkä
- ristikakkonen
- ristikantaruuvi
- ristikappale
- ristikasi
- ristikirkko
- ristikivi
- ristikoe
- ristikolmonen
- ristikontra
- ristikorrelaatio
- ristikortti
- ristikukkainen
- ristikulma
- ristikuningas
- ristikuningatar
- ristikunkku
- ristikurko
- ristikuulustella
- ristikuulustelu
- ristikuutonen
- ristikuva
- ristikuvaus
- ristikuvio
- ristikymppi
- ristikärkitaltta
- ristilaukka
- ristilimitys
- ristilukki
- Ristiluoma
- ristiluu
- ristimitta
- Ristimäki
- ristinelonen
- Ristiniemi
- ristinikama
- ristinivel
- ristinkuolema
- ristinmerkki
- ristinmuotoinen
- ristinokka
- ristinolla
- ristinpuu
- ristinpäivä
- ristintie
- ristiohjain
- ristiote
- ristipaine
- ristipisto
- ristipurenta
- ristipää
- ristipääty
- ristipölytteinen
- ristipölytys
- ristiretki
- ristiriipunta
- ristiriita
- ristiritari
- ristirouva
- ristisaastuminen
- ristisaatto
- ristisana
- ristiseiska
- ristiselkä
- ristiside
- ristisidonta
- ristisidos
- ristisiitos
- ristisiittoinen
- ristisorsa
- ristisotamies
- ristisotilas
- ristisyöttö
- ristitaltta
- ristitaulukko
- ristiteritys
- ristituli
- ristitulo
- ristitulosuhde
- ristiturpa
- ristiura
- ristiuraruuvi
- ristivaihto
- ristivaikutus
- ristivalottaa
- ristivaneri
- ristiverinen
- ristiveto
- ristiviite
- ristiviittaus
- ristiviivoitus
- ristivitonen
- ristivyö
- ristiysi
- ristiässä
- siniristi
- suurristi
- tuomaanristi
- vapaudenristi
- vihkimäristi
- vihkiristi
- vinoristi
- yrjönristi
Related terms
See also
Suits in Finnish · maa, väri (layout · text) | |||
---|---|---|---|
hertta | ruutu | pata | risti |
Further reading
- “risti”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
Verb
risti
- inflection of ristiä:
References
- Kallio, Petri (2006). On the Earliest Slavic Loanwords in Finnic. In Slavica Helsingiensia 27. Helsinki. →ISBN.
Anagrams
Ingrian
Etymology
From Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ), from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ. Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈris̠tʲ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈriʃti]
- Rhymes: -istʲ, -isti
- Hyphenation: ris‧ti
Noun
risti
Declension
Declension of risti (type 5/vahti, st-ss gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | risti | rissit |
genitive | rissin | ristiin, ristilöin |
partitive | ristiä | ristijä, ristilöjä |
illative | ristii | ristii, ristilöihe |
inessive | rissiis | ristiis, ristilöis |
elative | rissist | ristiist, ristilöist |
allative | rissille | ristiille, ristilöille |
adessive | rissiil | ristiil, ristilöil |
ablative | rissilt | ristiilt, ristilöilt |
translative | rissiks | ristiiks, ristilöiks |
essive | ristinnä, ristiin | ristiinnä, ristilöinnä, ristiin, ristilöin |
exessive1) | ristint | ristiint, ristilöint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
References
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 62
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 480
Karelian
North Karelian (Viena) |
risti |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
risti |
Etymology
Ultimately from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ). Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.
Pronunciation
Noun
risti (genitive rissin, partitive ristie)
Declension
Viena Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | risti | rissit | |
genitive | rissin | ristien | |
partitive | ristie | ristijä | |
illative | ristih | ristilöih | |
inessive | rississä | ristilöissä | |
elative | rissistä | ristilöistä | |
adessive | rissillä | ristilöillä | |
ablative | rissiltä | ristilöiltä | |
translative | rissiksi | ristilöiksi | |
essive | ristinä | ristilöinä | |
comitative | — | ristilöineh | |
abessive | rissittä | ristilöittä |
Tver Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | risti | rissit | |
genitive | rissin | ristilöin | |
partitive | ristie | ristilöidä | |
illative | ristih | ristilöih | |
inessive | rississä | ristilöissä | |
elative | rissistä | ristilöistä | |
adessive | rissillä | ristilöillä | |
ablative | rissildä | ristilöildä | |
translative | rissiksi | ristilöiksi | |
essive | ristinä | ristilöinä | |
comitative | rissinke | ristilöinke | |
abessive | rissittä | ristilöittä |
Possessive forms of risti | ||
---|---|---|
1st person | ristini | |
2nd person | ristis | |
3rd person | ristih | |
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. |
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “ris't'i”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры), →ISBN
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “крест”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
Of uncertain origin, with two competing theories:[1]
- From Proto-Indo-European *writ-e-ti (“to twist, roll up”), and related to riẽsti (“to bend, curve, warp”). This is favored by Derksen.[2]
- Derived from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to roll, run”), see also ratas (“wheel”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot”). This is favored by Gamkrelidze and Ivanov.[3]
Pronunciation
Verb
rìsti (third-person present tense rìta, third-person past tense rìto) [4]
- (transitive) to roll
- (transitive) to overthrow
Conjugation
Conjugation of risti
singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
ritu | riti | rita | ritame, ritam |
ritate, ritat |
rita | |
past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
ritau | ritai | rito | ritome, ritom |
ritote, ritot |
rito | ||
past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
risdavau | risdavai | risdavo | risdavome, risdavom |
risdavote, risdavot |
risdavo | ||
future (būsimasis laikas) |
risiu | risi | riss | risime, risim |
risite, risit |
riss | ||
subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
risčiau | ristum, ristumei |
ristų | ristumėme, ristumėm, ristume |
ristumėte, ristumėt |
ristų | ||
imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | risk, riski |
terita, teritie |
riskime, riskim |
riskite, riskit |
terita, teritie |
Participles of risti
Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
---|---|---|---|
active | passive | ||
present | ritąs, ritantis | ritamas | |
past | ritęs | ristas | |
past frequentative | risdavęs | — | |
future | risiąs, risiantis | risimas | |
participle of necessity | — | ristinas | |
Adverbial | |||
special (pusdalyvis) | risdamas | ||
half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | ritant | |
past | ritus | ||
past frequentative | risdavus | ||
future | risiant | ||
manner of action (būdinys) | riste, ristinai |
Synonyms
Derived terms
verbs derived from risti
nouns derived from risti
- ritimas m
Related terms
nouns related to risti
- ritinys m
References
- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “rìsti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 517-8
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “383”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page risti
- ^ Gamkrelidze, T. V., Ivanov, V. V. (2010). Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes. Germany: De Gruyter, p. 186
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “risti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
Categories:
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian adverbs
- Estonian nouns
- et:Card games
- Estonian pere-type nominals
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/isti
- Rhymes:Finnish/isti/2 syllables
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Finnish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrey-
- Finnish terms borrowed from Old East Slavic
- Finnish terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Finnish terms derived from Old High German
- Finnish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Finnish semantic loans from German
- Finnish terms derived from German
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- fi:Christianity
- fi:Typography
- fi:Card games
- fi:Music
- Finnish informal terms
- fi:Anatomy
- Finnish clippings
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- Finnish non-lemma forms
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- Ingrian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/istʲ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/istʲ/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/isti
- Rhymes:Ingrian/isti/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- izh:Card games
- Karelian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian nouns
- Lithuanian terms with unknown etymologies
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
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