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v t e Evolutionary biology
Introduction Outline Timeline of evolution History of life Index
Evolution	Abiogenesis Adaptation Adaptive radiation Altruism Cheating Reciprocal Baldwin effect Cladistics Coevolution Mutualism Common descent Convergence Divergence Earliest known life forms Evidence of evolution Evolutionary arms race Evolutionary pressure Exaptation Extinction Event Homology Last universal common ancestor Macroevolution Microevolution Mismatch Non-adaptive radiation Origin of life Panspermia Parallel evolution Signalling theory Handicap principle Speciation Species Species complex Taxonomy Unit of selection Gene-centered view of evolution
Population genetics	Artificial selection Biodiversity Evolutionarily stable strategy Fisher's principle Fitness Inclusive Gene flow Genetic drift Kin selection Parental investment Parent–offspring conflict Mutation Population Natural selection Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Flowering plants Fungi Mate choice Social selection Trivers–Willard hypothesis Variation
Development	Canalisation Evolutionary developmental biology Genetic assimilation Inversion Modularity Phenotypic plasticity
Of taxa	Bacteria Birds origin Brachiopods Molluscs Cephalopods Dinosaurs Fish Fungi Insects butterflies Life Mammals cats canids wolves dogs hyenas dolphins and whales horses Kangaroos primates humans lemurs sea cows Plants pollinator-mediated Reptiles Spiders Tetrapods Viruses
Of organs	Cell DNA Flagella Eukaryotes symbiogenesis chromosome endomembrane system mitochondria nucleus plastids In animals eye hair auditory ossicle nervous system brain
Of processes	Aging Death Programmed cell death Avian flight Biological complexity Cooperation Color vision in primates Emotion Empathy Ethics Eusociality Immune system Metabolism Monogamy Morality Mosaic evolution Multicellularity Sexual reproduction Gamete differentiation/sexes Life cycles/nuclear phases Mating types Meiosis Sex-determination Snake venom
Tempo and modes	Gradualism/Punctuated equilibrium/Saltationism Micromutation/Macromutation Uniformitarianism/Catastrophism
Speciation	Allopatric Anagenesis Catagenesis Cladogenesis Cospeciation Ecological Hybrid Non-ecological Parapatric Peripatric Reinforcement Sympatric
History	Renaissance and Enlightenment Transmutation of species David Hume Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species History of paleontology Transitional fossil Blending inheritance Mendelian inheritance The eclipse of Darwinism Neo-Darwinism Modern synthesis History of molecular evolution Extended evolutionary synthesis
Philosophy	Darwinism Alternatives Catastrophism Lamarckism Orthogenesis Mutationism Saltationism Structuralism Spandrel Theistic Vitalism Teleology in biology
Related	Biogeography Ecological genetics Evolutionary medicine Group selection Cultural evolution Cultural group selection Dual inheritance theory Hologenome theory of evolution Missing heritability problem Molecular evolution Astrobiology Phylogenetics Tree Polymorphism Protocell Systematics Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Category Portal

v t e Population genetics
Key concepts	Hardy–Weinberg principle Genetic linkage Identity by descent Linkage disequilibrium Fisher's fundamental theorem Neutral theory Shifting balance theory Price equation Coefficient of inbreeding Coefficient of relationship Selection coefficient Fitness Heritability Population structure Constructive neutral evolution
Selection	Natural Artificial Sexual Ecological
Effects of selection on genomic variation	Genetic hitchhiking Background selection
Genetic drift	Small population size Population bottleneck Founder effect Coalescence Balding–Nichols model
Founders	R. A. Fisher J. B. S. Haldane Sewall Wright
Related topics	Biogeography Evolution Evolutionary game theory Fitness landscape Genetic genealogy Landscape genetics and genomics Microevolution Population genomics Phylogeography Quantitative genetics
Index of evolutionary biology articles

v t e Genetics: Quantitative genetics
Concepts in Quantitative Genetics	Heritability Dominance Quantitative trait locus Candidate gene Effective population size
Related Topics	Population genetics Genomics Evolutionary biology Heredity

v t e Speciation
Introduction History Laboratory experiments Glossary
Basic concepts	Species (Species complex) Reproductive isolation Anagenesis Cladogenesis Cospeciation Evidence of evolution
Geographic modes	Allopatric (Peripatric · Quantum · Centrifugal · Founder effect) Parapatric (Clines · Ring species) Sympatric
Isolating factors	Adaptation Natural selection Sexual selection Ecological speciation (Parallel speciation · Allochrony) Nonecological speciation Assortative mating Haldane's rule
Hybrid concepts	Hybrid speciation (Polyploidy · Klepton · Recombination) Reinforcement (evidence) Secondary contact Character displacement
Speciation in taxa	Birds Fish Insects Plants Fossils (Paleopolyploidy · Punctuated equilibrium · Macroevolution · Chronospecies)
Category Commons Evolutionary biology Portal WikiProject

v t e Origin of life
History of research	Panspermia (5th century BC) Spontaneous generation (4th century BC) Primordial soup (19th century)
Prebiotic synthesis	Pseudo-panspermia Miller–Urey experiment Formamide-based prebiotic chemistry Alternative abiogenesis scenarios
Protocells	GADV-protein world Clay hypothesis Iron–sulfur world Primordial sandwich PAH world Peptide-RNA world Quasispecies model RNA world
Earliest organisms	Earliest known life forms Last universal common ancestor (LUCA)
Research	Astrobiology Paleobiology

The development of phenotype

Key concepts

Genetic architecture

Non-genetic influences

Developmental architecture

Evolution of genetic systems

Control of development

Systems	Regulation of gene expression Gene regulatory network Evo-devo gene toolkit Evolutionary developmental biology Homeobox Hedgehog signaling pathway Notch signaling pathway
Elements	Homeotic gene Hox gene Pax genes eyeless gene Distal-less Engrailed cis-regulatory element Ligand Morphogen Cell surface receptor Transcription factor

Influential figures

Debates

Index of evolutionary biology articles

v t e Phylogenetics
Relevant fields	Computational phylogenetics Molecular phylogenetics Cladistics Taxonomy Evolutionary taxonomy Systematics	Evolutionary biology portal
Basic concepts	Phylogenesis Cladogenesis Phylogenetic tree Cladogram Phylogenetic network Long branch attraction Clade vs Grade Lineage Ghost lineage Ghost population
Inference methods	Maximum parsimony Phylogenetic reconciliation Probabilistic methods Maximum likelihood Bayesian inference Distance-matrix methods Neighbor-joining UPGMA Least squares Three-taxon analysis
Current topics	PhyloCode DNA barcoding Molecular phylogenetics Phylogenetic comparative methods Phylogenetic niche conservatism Phylogenetic signal Phylogenetics software Phylogenomics Phylogeography
Group traits	Primitive Plesiomorphy Symplesiomorphy Derived Apomorphy Synapomorphy Autapomorphy
Group types	Monophyly Paraphyly Polyphyly
Nomenclature	Phylogenetic nomenclature Crown group Sister group Basal Supertree
Category Commons

Cytogenetics: chromosomes

Basic
concepts

Types

Autosome/Sex chromosome (or allosome or heterosome)
Macrochromosome/Microchromosome
Circular chromosome/Linear chromosome
Extra chromosome (or accessory chromosome)
Supernumerary chromosome
A chromosome/B chromosome
Lampbrush chromosome
Polytene chromosome
Dinoflagellate chromosomes
Homologous chromosome
Isochromosome
Satellite chromosome
Centromere position
Centromere number

Processes
and evolution

Structures

Histone	H1 H2A H2B H3 H4
Centromere	A B C1 C2 E F H I J K M N O P Q T

See also

v t e Genomics
Fields	Cognitive genomics Computational genomics Comparative genomics Functional genomics Genome project Human Genome Project Metagenomics Human Microbiome Project Pangenomics Personal genomics Population genomics Sociogenomics Structural genomics
Bioinformatics	Biochip Cheminformatics Chemogenomics Connectomics Human Connectome Project Epigenomics Human Epigenome Project Glycomics Immunomics Lipidomics Metabolomics Microbiomics Nutrigenomics Paleopolyploidy Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics Systems biology Toxicogenomics Transcriptomics
Structural biology	Proteomics Human proteome project Call-map proteomics Structure-based drug design Expression proteomics
Research tools	2-D electrophoresis Mass spectrometer Electrospray ionization Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer Microfluidic-based tools Isotope affinity tags Chromosome conformation capture
Organizations	DNA Data Bank of Japan (JP) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EU) National Institutes of Health (USA) Wellcome Sanger Institute (UK)
List Category

v t e Genetics
Introduction Outline History Timeline Index Glossary
Key components	Chromosome DNA RNA Genome Heredity Nucleotide Mutation Genetic variation Allele Amino acid
Fields	Classical Conservation Cytogenetics Ecological Immunogenetics Microbial Molecular Population Quantitative
Archaeogenetics of	Africa the Americas the British Isles Europe Italy the Middle East South Asia
Related topics	Behavioural genetics Epigenetics Geneticist Genome editing Genomics Genetic code Genetic engineering Genetic diversity Genetic monitoring Genetic genealogy Heredity He Jiankui affair Medical genetics Missing heritability problem Molecular evolution Plant genetics Population genomics Reverse genetics
Lists	List of genetic codes List of genetics research organizations
Category

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