Template:African hominin timeline

**African hominin timeline** (in mya)
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References

Ar. kadabba: WoldeGabriel, G.; Haile-Selassie, Y.; et al. (2001). "Geology and palaeontology of the Late Miocene Middle Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia". Nature. 412 (6843): 175–178. doi:10.1038/35084058. PMID 11449271. S2CID 7017992.
Ar. ramidus: Semaw, S.; Simpson, S. W.; et al. (2005). "Early Pliocene hominids from Gona, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7023): 301–305. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..301S. doi:10.1038/nature03177. PMID 15662421. S2CID 4431031.
Au. anamensis/afarensis/deyiremeda: Haile-Selassie, Y.; Melillo, S. M.; et al. (2019). "A 3.8-million-year-old hominin cranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia". Nature. 573 (7773): 214–219. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..214H. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1513-8. hdl:11585/697577. PMID 31462770. S2CID 201656331.
Au. africanus lower, P. robustus upper, H. ergaster upper: Herries, A. I. R.; Martin, J. M.; et al. (2020). "Contemporaneity of Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and early Homo erectus in South Africa". Science. 368 (6486): eaaw7293. doi:10.1126/science.aaw7293. PMID 32241925. S2CID 214763272.
Au. africanus upper: Clarke, R. J.; Kuman, K. (2019). "The skull of StW 573, a 3.67 Ma Australopithecus prometheus skeleton from Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 134: 102634. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.005. PMID 31446970. S2CID 201209318.
P. robustus lower: Herries, A. I. R.; Curnoe, D.; Adams, J. W. (2009). "A multi-disciplinary seriation of early Homo and Paranthropus bearing palaeocaves in southern Africa". Quaternary International. 202 (1–2): 14–28. Bibcode:2009QuInt.202...14H. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.05.017.
H. ergaster lower: Klein, R. (2005). "Hominin dispersals in the Old World". In Chris, S. (ed.). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson. p. 93. ISBN 978-0500285312.
Au. bahrelghazali: Brunet, M.; Beauvilain, A.; Coppens, Y.; Heintz, É.; Moutaye, A. H. E; Pilbeam, D. (1995). "The first australopithecine 2,500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad)". Nature. 378 (6554): 273–275. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..273B. doi:10.1038/378273a0. PMID 7477344. S2CID 4365908.
Kenyanthropus platyops: Leakey, M. G.; et al. (2001). "New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages". Nature. 410 (6827): 433–440. doi:10.1038/35068500. PMID 11260704.
LD 350-1: Villmoare, B.; Kimbel, W. H.; Seyoum, C.; et al. (2015). "Early Homo at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia". Science. 347 (6228): 1352–1355. Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1352V. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1343. PMID 25739410.
P. aethiopicus/boisei: Wood, Bernard; Constantino, Paul (2007). "Paranthropus boisei: Fifty years of evidence and analysis". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 134 (Suppl 45): 109. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20732. PMID 18046746.
Au. garhi: Asfaw, B.; White, T.; Lovejoy, O.; Latimer, B.; Simpson, S.; Suwa, G. (1999). "Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia". Science. 284 (5414): 629–635. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..629A. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629. PMID 10213683.
H. habilis: F. Spoor; P. Gunz; S. Neubauer; S. Stelzer; N. Scott; A. Kwekason; M. C. Dean (2015). "Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo". Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. PMID 25739632. S2CID 4470282.
H. rudolfensis: Ungar, P. S.; Grine, F. E. (2006). "Diet in Early Homo: A Review of the Evidence and a New Model of Adaptive Versatility". Annual Review of Anthropology. 35: 210. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123153.
Au. sediba: Pickering, R.; Dirks, P. H. G. M.; Jinnah, Z.; et al. (2011). "Australopithecus sediba at 1.977 Ma and Implications for the Origins of the Genus Homo". Science. 333 (6048): 1421–1423. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1421P. doi:10.1126/science.1203697. PMID 21903808. S2CID 22633702.
H. rhodesiensis upper: Clark, J. D.; de Heinzelin, J.; et al. (1994). "African Homo erectus: old radiometric ages and young Oldowan assemblages in the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia". Science. 264 (5167): 1907–1910. Bibcode:1994Sci...264.1907C. doi:10.1126/science.8009220. PMID 8009220.
H. rhodesiensis lower: Grün, R.; Pike, A.; McDermott, F.; et al. (2020). "Dating the skull from Broken Hill, Zambia, and its position in human evolution" (PDF). Nature. 580 (7803): 372–375. Bibcode:2020Natur.580..372G. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2165-4. PMID 32296179. S2CID 214736650.
H. naledi: Dirks, P. H. G. M.; Roberts, E. M.; Hilbert-Wolf, H.; Kramers, J. D.; Hawks, J.; et al. (2017). "The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa". eLife. 6: e24231. doi:10.7554/eLife.24231. PMC 5423772. PMID 28483040.
H. sapiens: Richter, D.; Grün, R.; et al. (2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age". Nature. 546 (7657): 293–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..293R. doi:10.1038/nature22335. PMID 28593967. S2CID 205255853.