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List of retired Philippine typhoon names

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Since 1963, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) has assigned local names to a tropical cyclone should it move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N, even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it. All three agencies that have assigned names to tropical cyclones within the Western Pacific have retired the names of significant tropical cyclones, with the PAGASA retiring names if a cyclone has caused at least ₱1 billion (~20 million USD) in damage and/or have caused at least 300 deaths within the Philippines.

Since 1963, the naming lists have been revised in 1979, 1985, 2001 (after a contest called the "Name a Bagyo Contest", conducted by the PAGASA in 1998, where 140 entries were submitted in 1998 to revise the naming system for typhoons within their area of responsibility starting that season), 2005 (for various reasons, including to help minimize confusion in the historical records and to remove the names that might have negative associations with real persons), and 2021 (where the "Reserved List" was introduced).[1][2][3] Within this list, all information with regards to intensity is taken from while the system was in the Philippine Area of Responsibility, and is thus taken from the PAGASA's archives, rather than the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) or Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)'s archives.

Background

[edit]
Main articles: Tropical cyclone naming, List of historical tropical cyclone names, and History of tropical cyclone naming
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) for tropical cyclone warnings

The practice of using names to identify tropical cyclones goes back several centuries, with tropical cyclones being named after affected places, saints or things they hit before the formal start of naming in the Western Pacific.[4][5] These included the Kamikaze, 1906 Hong Kong typhoon, 1922 Swatow typhoon and the 1934 Muroto typhoon.[6]

The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Atlantic Ocean, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[4] Initially the names were only designed to be retired for ten years after which they might be reintroduced, however, in the 1969 Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, it was decided that any significant hurricane in the future would have its name permanently retired.[4][7] [8][9]

PAGASA retires a name it has assigned after the season if the system has either killed at least 300 people or caused at least PHP1 billion in damage to infrastructure and agriculture, based on reports from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council.[10]

Several names have also been removed for reasons other than causing a significant amount of death/destruction, such as Gloria in 2005, (due to then-president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's disputed win in the 2004 Philippine presidential election and her subsequent involvement in the Hello Garci scandal) and Nonoy in 2015 (due to similarities to the term "Noynoy", then-president Benigno Aquino III's nickname).[11][12]

As of 2024, 77 tropical cyclone names have been retired, with the most recent being Egay and Goring of the 2023 season.

Names retired in the 1960s

[edit]
Name Replacement Dates active Category Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Provinces affected Damage
(PHP)		 Deaths Missing Refs
Dading (Winnie) Didang June 26 - July 3, 1964 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon Unknown 100 [13]
Welming (Emma) Warling October 31 - November 8, 1967 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas, Luzon Unknown 300 64 [13]

Names retired in the 1970s

[edit]
Name Replacement Dates active Category Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Provinces affected Damage
(PHP)		 Deaths Missing Refs
Pitang (Georgia) Pasing September 8 - 12, 1970 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon ₱9 million 175 [13]​[14]​[15]
Sening (Joan) Susang October 12 - 15, 1970 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon, Visayas ₱79 million 575 193 [13]​[16]
Titang (Kate) Tering October 16 – 22, 1970 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Mindanao, Visayas ₱81 million 631 284 [13]​[16]
Yoling (Patsy) Yaning November 17 – 20, 1970 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon ₱460 million 80 17 [13]​[17]​[18]
Wening (Elaine) Weling October 23 – November 1, 1974 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon ₱1.48 billion 23 [13]
Didang (Olga) Ditang May 12 – 26, 1976 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon ₱625 million 347 [13]​[19]
Unding (Kim) Unsing November 6 – 17, 1977 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon unspecified 104 0 [13]
Atang (Olive) Akang April 15 – 26, 1978 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas, Luzon ₱245 million 111 Unknown [13]​[20]
Kading (Rita) Katring October 15 – 29, 1978 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon ₱7.38 billion 444 354
6 names References: [21] ₱10.4 billion 2,490 848

Names retired in the 1980s

[edit]
Name Replacement Dates active Category Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Provinces affected Damage
(PHP)		 Deaths Missing Refs
Nitang (Ike) Ningning August 26 – September 6, 1984 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas, Luzon ₱4.05 billion 1,029 [13]​[22]​[23]​[14]
Undang (Agnes) Unsang November 3 – 6, 1984 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas, Luzon ₱1.54 billion 1,116 [13]​[17]​[23]​[14]
Herming (Betty) Helming August 8 – 14, 1987 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon, Visayas ₱2 billion 94 [13]​[14]​[24]
Sisang (Nina) Sendang November 16 – 30, 1987 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon ₱1.49 billion 808 [13]​[17]​[23]​[25]
Unsang (Ruby) Ulpiang October 21 – 26, 1988 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Luzon ₱5.64 billion 288 [nb 1]​[13]​[26]​[14]
Yoning (Skip) Yerling November 3 – 12, 1988 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas, Luzon ₱3.06 billion 237 95 [13]​[18]​[27]
6 names References: [28] ₱17.8 billion 3,572 95

Names retired in the 1990s

[edit]
Name Replacement Dates active Category Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Provinces affected Damage
(PHP)		 Deaths Missing Refs
Ruping (Mike) Ritang November 5 – 18, 1990 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas ₱10.3 billion 748 [13]​[25]​[29]​[30]
Uring (Thelma) Ulding November 1 – 8, 1991 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas ₱839 million 5,101 3,000 [13]​[22]​[23]​[25]
Monang (Lola) Miling December 1 – 9, 1993 Typhoon Not specified Not specified Visayas ₱1.05 billion 230 0 [13]
Rosing (Angela) Rening October 25 – November 7, 1995 Super Typhoon 400 km/h (245 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Luzon ₱9.33 billion 882 [13]​[26]​[30]
Iliang (Zeb) Not Replaced October 11 – 14, 1998 Super Typhoon 240 km/h (150 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Southern Luzon ₱5.38 billion 46 29 [13]​[31]​[32]
Loleng (Babs) Not Replaced October 15 – 24, 1998 Super Typhoon 190 km/h (115 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Visayas, Luzon ₱6.79 billion 303 29 [13]​[31]​[33]
6 names References: [34] ₱33.7 billion 7,310 3,058

Names retired in the 2000s

[edit]
Name Replacement Dates active Category Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Provinces affected Damage
(PHP)		 Deaths Missing Refs
Nanang (Lingling) Nando November 6 – 10, 2001 Typhoon 120 km/h (75 mph) Not Specified Luzon ₱4.67 billion 236 88 [35]​[36]​[31]
Harurot (Imbudo) Hanna July 19 – 23, 2003 Super Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Luzon ₱4.73 billion 64 2 [35]​[37]​[38]
Unding (Muifa) Ulysses November 14 – 21, 2004 Typhoon 120 km/h (75 mph) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) Luzon ₱853 million 68 69 [35]​[39]​[40]
Violeta (Merbok) Vicky November 22 – 23, 2004 Tropical Depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Luzon ₱2.1 billion 29 17 [35]​[40]​[41]​[42]
Winnie Warren (unused) November 27 – 30, 2004 Tropical Depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Luzon ₱679 million 1,619 713 [35]​[40]​[43]
Milenyo (Xangsane) Mario September 25 – 29, 2006 Typhoon 155 km/h (100 mph) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱6.61 billion 110 79 [35]​[30]​[44]​[45]
Reming (Durian) Ruby November 28 – December 2, 2006 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱6.05 billion 1,400 762 [35]​[46]​[47]​[48]
Cosme (Halong) Carina May 15 – 19, 2008 Severe Tropical Storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Luzon ₱4.71 billion 51 3 [35]
Frank (Fengshen) Ferdie June 18 – 23, 2008 Typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱13.5 billion 1,501 87 [nb 2]​[35]​[49]​[50]
Feria (Nangka) Fabian June 23 – 27, 2009 Tropical Storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Luzon ₱1 billion 11 0 [51]
Ondoy (Ketsana) Odette September 24 – 27, 2009 Severe Tropical Storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Luzon ₱11 billion 464 37 [35]​[52]​[53]
Pepeng (Parma) Paolo September 30 – October 10, 2009 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) Visayas, Luzon ₱27.3 billion 465 47 [35]​[53]​[54]
12 names References: [55] ₱83.2 billion 6,018 1,904

Names retired in the 2010s

[edit]
Name Replacement Dates active Category Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Provinces affected Damage
(PHP)		 Deaths Missing Refs
Juan (Megi) Jose October 15 – 20, 2010 Super Typhoon 220 km/h (140 mph) 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) Luzon ₱12 billion 31 4 [35]​[56]​[57]
Katring (Chaba) Karding October 23 – 26, 2010 Typhoon 150 km/h (90 mph) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) None None None None [35]​[58]
Bebeng (Aere) Betty May 6 – 10, 2011 Tropical Storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱2.25 billion 35 2 [35]​[59]​[60]
Juaning (Nock-ten) Jenny July 24 – 28, 2011 Severe Tropical Storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Visayas, Luzon ₱4.44 billion 77 9 [35]​[61]​[62]
Mina (Nanmadol) Marilyn August 21 – 29, 2011 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Luzon ₱2.09 billion 36 8 [35]​[63]​[64]
Pedring (Nesat) Perla September 24 – 28, 2011 Typhoon 140 km/h (85 mph) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) Luzon ₱14.6 billion 85 0 [35]​[62]​[65]
Sendong (Washi) Sarah December 14 – 18, 2011 Severe Tropical Storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Visayas, Mindanao ₱2.07 billion 1,268 181 [35]​[66]​[67]
Pablo (Bopha) Pepito December 2 – 9, 2012 Super Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Mindanao, Visayas,​Luzon ₱36.9 billion 1,901 844 [35]​[68]​[69]
Labuyo (Utor) Lannie August 9 – 13, 2013 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Luzon ₱1.42 billion 11 3 [35]​[70]
Santi (Nari) Salome October 8 – 13, 2013 Typhoon 140 km/h (85 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Luzon ₱3.33 billion 15 5 [35]​[71]
Yolanda (Haiyan) Yasmin (unused) November 6 – 9, 2013 Super Typhoon 230 km/h (145 mph) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Visayas, Mindanao, Palawan ₱95.5 billion 6,300 1,062 [35]​[72]​[22]
Glenda (Rammasun) Gardo July 13 – 17, 2014 Typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Luzon ₱38.6 billion 106 6 [35]
Jose (Halong) Josie August 2 – 7, 2014 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Luzon ₱1.59 billion 2 0 [35]
Mario (Fung-wong) Maymay September 17 – 21, 2014 Tropical Storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Luzon ₱3.4 billion 18 4 [35]
Ruby (Hagupit) Rosita December 3 – 10, 2014 Super Typhoon 215 km/h (130 mph) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Visayas, Luzon ₱5.1 billion 18 0 [35]​[73]
Seniang (Jangmi) Samuel December 28 – 31, 2014 Tropical Storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Visayas, Mindanao ₱1.27 billion 66 6 [35]
Lando (Koppu) Liwayway October 14 – 22, 2015 Super Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Luzon ₱14.6 billion 48 83 [35]​[74]
Nona (Melor) Nimfa December 9 – 17, 2015 Typhoon 175 km/h (110 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱7.02 billion 42 4 [35]​[75]
Karen (Sarika) Kristine October 11 – 16, 2016 Typhoon 175 km/h (110 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Luzon ₱3.66 billion 0 0 [35]​[76]
Lawin (Haima) Leon October 16 – 21, 2016 Super Typhoon 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Luzon ₱5.95 billion 14 0 [35]​[77]
Nina (Nock-ten) Nika December 22 – 28, 2016 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Luzon ₱5.92 billion 13 21 [35]​[78]
Urduja (Kai-tak) Uwan (unused) December 11 – 19, 2017 Tropical Storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Visayas ₱3.94 billion 47 44 [79]
Vinta (Tembin) Verbena (unused) December 20 – 24, 2017 Typhoon 120 km/h (75 mph) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Visayas, Mindanao ₱2.1 billion 173 169 [79]
Ompong (Mangkhut) Obet September 12 – 15, 2018 Super Typhoon 205 km/h (125 mph) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Luzon ₱33.9 billion 82 2 [80]
Rosita (Yutu) Rosal October 27 – 31, 2018 Super Typhoon 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Luzon ₱2.9 billion 20 0 [80]
Usman Umberto (unused) December 25 – 29, 2018 Tropical Depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Visayas, Luzon ₱5.41 billion 158 26 [80]
Tisoy (Kammuri) Tamaraw (unused) November 24 – December 6, 2019 Typhoon 175 km/h (110 mph) 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱6.65 billion 17 0 [81]
Ursula (Phanfone) Ugong (unused) December 23 – 29, 2019 Typhoon 150 km/h (90 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱4.38 billion 57 6 [81]
28 names References: [82] ₱321 billion 10,540 1,410

Names retired in the 2020s

[edit]
Name Replacement Dates active Category Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Provinces affected Damage
(PHP)		 Deaths Missing Refs
Ambo (Vongfong) Aghon May 9 – 18, 2020 Typhoon 155 km/h (100 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱1.57 billion 5 0 [10]
Quinta (Molave) Querubin (unused) October 23 – 29, 2020 Typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) Luzon ₱4.22 billion 27 4 [10]
Rolly (Goni) Romina (unused) October 31 – November 2, 2020 Super Typhoon 220 km/h (140 mph) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Luzon ₱17.9 billion 31 0 [10]
Ulysses (Vamco) Upang (unused) November 9 – 12, 2020 Typhoon 155 km/h (100 mph) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Luzon ₱20.2 billion 102 10 [10]
Jolina (Conson) Jacinto (unused) September 5 – 13, 2021 Severe Tropical Storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Luzon, Visayas ₱5.17 billion 23 2 [83]
Maring (Kompasu) Mirasol (unused) October 7 – 14, 2021 Severe Tropical Storm 100 km/h (65 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Luzon ₱7.39 billion 43 16 [83]
Odette (Rai) Opong (unused) December 11 – 21, 2021 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Visayas, Mindanao, Palawan ₱47.1 billion 405 52 [83]
Agaton (Megi) Ada (unused) April 8 – 12, 2022 Tropical Storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Visayas, Mindanao ₱2.26 billion 214 132 [84]
Florita (Ma-on) Francisco (unused) August 20 – 26, 2022 Severe Tropical Storm 100 km/h (65 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Luzon ₱2.43 billion 4 0 [85]
Karding (Noru) Kiyapo (unused) September 21 – October 1, 2022 Super Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Luzon ₱3.38 billion 12 5 [86]
Paeng (Nalgae) Pilandok (unused) October 26 – November 3, 2022 Severe Tropical Storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao ₱13.8 billion 160 29 [87]
Egay (Doksuri) Emil (unused) July 20 – 30, 2023 Super Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Luzon ₱15.3 billion 56 11 [88]
Goring (Saola) Gavino (unused) August 22 – September 3, 2023 Super Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Luzon ₱2.49 billion 3 0 [89]
13 names References: [90] ₱137 billion 1,082 263

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The death and missing columns exclude deaths caused by Typhoon Ruby (Unsang), in the MV Doña Marilyn disaster.
  2. ^ The death and missing columns includes deaths caused by Typhoon Fengshen (Frank), in the MV Princess of the Stars disaster.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Naming of Tropical Cyclones". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. December 3, 1998. Archived from the original on December 3, 1998. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
  2. ^ Rivera, Blanche. "'Glenda' originally 'Gloria'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 25, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  3. ^ "Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c Dorst, Neal; Hurricane Research Division (October 23, 2012). "They Called the Wind Mahina: The History of Naming Cyclones". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. Slides 8–72.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ Smith, Ray (1990). "What's in a Name?" (PDF). Weather and Climate. 10 (1). The Meteorological Society of New Zealand: 24–26. doi:10.2307/44279572. JSTOR 44279572. S2CID 201717866. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 29, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  6. ^ Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  7. ^ "It's time (June) to match for Anna...". The Daily Gleaner. Kingston, Jamaica. Reuters. June 1, 1969. p. 2. – via The Newspaper Archive (subscription required)
  8. ^ RA IV Hurricane Committee (May 9, 2023). Hurricane Operational Plan for North America, Central America and the Caribbean 2023 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved July 29, 2023.
  9. ^ Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal (June 20, 2014). "Subject: B3) What storm names have been retired?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Questions. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on November 6, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  10. ^ a b c d e Annual Report on Philippine Tropical Cyclones 2020 (PDF) (Report). March 17, 2023. ISSN 2799-0575. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  11. ^ Blanche Rivera (July 26, 2006). "'Glenda' originally 'Gloria'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
  12. ^ "Tropical storm enters PAR, named 'Nona' instead of 'Nonoy'". SunStar Manila. December 13, 2015. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Decommissioned Domestic Name 1963-2000". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. January 23, 2021. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e "::..Typhoon2000.com: 20 Worst Typhoons of the Philippines (1947–2009)..::". www.typhoon2000.ph. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  15. ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of September (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  16. ^ a b "Destructive Typhoons 1970–2003". Philippine National Disaster Coordinating Council. Archived from the original on November 12, 2004. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  17. ^ a b c "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of November (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  18. ^ a b "::..Typhoon2000.com – 20 Worst Typhoons of Luzon, Philippines (1947–2002)..::". www.typhoon2000.ph. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  19. ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of May (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  20. ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of April (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  21. ^ "List of Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". PAGASA. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  22. ^ a b c Del Rosario, Eduardo D (November 13, 2015). Final Report on Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) (PDF) (Report). Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. pp. 77–148. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  23. ^ a b c d "Deadliest typhoons in the Philippines". ABS-CBNNews. November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  24. ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of August (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  25. ^ a b c "Typhoon2000.com..::THE 12 WORST TYPHOONS OF THE PHILIPPINES (A SUMMARY)..::". www.typhoon2000.ph. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  26. ^ a b "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of October (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  27. ^ Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1988 Typhoon Skip (PDF) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
  28. ^ "List of Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". PAGASA. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  29. ^ "Ruping prepared us for typhoon Yolanda". PhilStar. November 9, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  30. ^ a b c "5 typhoons that caused the heaviest damage to properties in the Philippines". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on January 25, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  31. ^ a b c "Destructive Typhoons 1970–2003". Philippine National Disaster Coordinating Council. Archived from the original on November 9, 2004. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  32. ^ "1998 PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Track Data: Iliang (Zeb)". Typhoon 2000. November 11, 1998. Archived from the original on August 28, 2002. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  33. ^ "1998 PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Track Data: Loleng (Babs)". Typhoon 2000. November 27, 1998. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  34. ^ "List of Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". PAGASA. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
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