International Classification of Headache Disorders
The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification of all headache-related disorders published by the International Headache Society.[1] It is considered the official classification of headaches by the World Health Organization, and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).[2] Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria include quantities rather than vague terms like several or usually—that are based on clinical and laboratory observations.[2]
The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). A second version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The most current version, ICHD-3, was published in 2018.[3][4]
Hierarchy
[edit]Primary headaches
[edit]ICHD 1, ICD10 G43: Migraine
[edit]- Migraine without aura
- Migraine with aura
- Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine
- Retinal migraine
- Complications of migraine
- Migraine-triggered seizure
- Probable migraine
ICHD 2, ICD10 G44.2: Tension-type headache (TTH)
[edit]- Infrequent episodic tension-type headache
- Frequent episodic tension-type headache
- Chronic tension-type headache
- Probable tension-type headache
ICHD 3, ICD10 G44.0: Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
[edit]- Cluster headache
- Paroxysmal hemicrania
- Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)
- Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia
ICHD 4, ICD10 G44.80: Other primary headaches
[edit]- Primary stabbing headache
- Primary cough headache
- Primary exertional headache
- Primary headache associated with sexual activity
- Hypnic headache
- Primary thunderclap headache
- Hemicrania continua
- New daily persistent headache (NDPH)
Secondary headaches
[edit]ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma
[edit]- Acute post-traumatic headache
- Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury
- Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
- Chronic post-traumatic headache
- Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury
- Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
- Acute headache attributed to whiplash injury
- Chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury
- Headache attributed to traumatic intracranial haematoma
- Headache attributed to epidural haematoma
- Headache attributed to subdural haematoma
- Headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
- Acute headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
- Chronic headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
- Post-craniotomy headache
- Acute post-craniotomy headache
- Chronic post-craniotomy headache
ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder
[edit]- Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack[5]
- Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction)
- Headache attributed to transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
- Headache attributed to non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage
- Headache attributed to intracerebral haemorrhage
- Headache attributed to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
- Headache attributed to unruptured vascular malformation
- Headache attributed to saccular aneurysm
- Headache attributed to arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
- Headache attributed to dural arteriovenous fistula
- Headache attributed to cavernous angioma
- Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (Sturge Weber syndrome)
- Headache attributed to arteritis
- Headache attributed to giant cell arteritis (GCA)
- Headache attributed to primary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
- Headache attributed to secondary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
- Carotid or vertebral artery pain
- Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to arterial dissection
- Post-endarterectomy headache
- Carotid angioplasty headache
- Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures
- Angiography headache
- Headache attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
- Headache attributed to other intracranial vascular disorder
- CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
- MELAS (eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes)
- Headache attributed to benign angiopathy of the central nervous system
- Headache attributed to pituitary apoplexy
ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
[edit]- Headache attributed to high cerebrospinal fluid pressure
- Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
- Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes
- Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to hydrocephalus
- Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure
- Post-dural puncture headache
- CSF fistula headache
- Headache attributed to spontaneous (or idiopathic) low CSF pressure
- Headache attributed to non-infectious inflammatory disease
- Headache attributed to neurosarcoidosis
- Headache attributed to aseptic (non-infectious) meningitis
- Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory disease
- Headache attributed to lymphocytic hypophysitis
- Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm
- Headache attributed to increased intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus caused by neoplasm
- Headache attributed directly to neoplasm
- Headache attributed to carcinomatous meningitis
- Headache attributed to hypothalamic or pituitary hyper- or hyposecretion
- Headache attributed to intrathecal injection
- Headache attributed to epileptic seizure
- Hemicrania epileptica
- Post-seizure headache
- Headache attributed to Chiari malformation type I (CM1)
- Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL)
- Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder
ICHD 8, ICD10 G44.4 or G44.83: Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal
[edit]- Headache induced by acute substance use or exposure
- Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache
- Immediate NO donor-induced headache
- Delayed NO donor-headache
- Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor-induced headache
- Carbon monoxide-induced headache
- Alcohol-induced headache.
- Immediate alcohol-induced headache
- Delayed alcohol-induced headache
- Headache induced by food components and additives
- Monosodium glutamate-induced headache
- Cocaine-induced headache
- Cannabis-induced headache
- Histamine-induced headache
- Immediate histamine-induced headache
- Delayed histamine-induced headache
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced headache
- Immediate CGRP-induced headache
- Delayed CGRP-induced headache
- Headache as an acute adverse event attributed to medication used for other indications
- Headache attributed to other acute substance use or exposure
- Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache
- Medication-overuse headache (MOH)
- Ergotamine-overuse headache
- Triptan-overuse headache
- Analgesic-overuse headache
- Opioid-overuse headache
- Combination analgesic-overuse headache
- Medication-overuse headache attributed to combination of acute medications
- Headache attributed to other medication overuse
- Probable medication-overuse headache
- Headache as an adverse event attributed to chronic medication
- Headache attributed to substance withdrawal
- caffeine-withdrawal headache
- opioid-withdrawal headache
- Oestrogen-withdrawal headache
- Headache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substances
- Headache attributed to intracranial infection
- Headache attributed to bacterial meningitis
- Headache attributed to lymphocytic meningitis
- Headache attributed to encephalitis
- Headache attributed to brain abscess
- Headache attributed to subdural empyema
- Headache attributed to systemic infection
- Headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection
- Headache attributed to systemic viral infection
- Headache attributed to other systemic infection
- Headache attributed to HIV/AIDS
- Chronic post-infection headache
- Chronic post-bacterial meningitis headache
ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882: Headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis
[edit]- Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia
- High-altitude headache
- Diving headache
- Sleep apnoea headache
- Dialysis headache
- Headache attributed to arterial hypertension
- Headache attributed to phaeochromocytoma
- Headache attributed to hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy
- Headache attributed to hypertensive encephalopathy
- Headache attributed to pre-eclampsia
- Headache attributed to eclampsia
- Headache attributed to acute pressor response to an exogenous agent
- Headache attributed to hypothyroidism
- Headache attributed to fasting
- Cardiac cephalalgia
- Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis
ICHD 11, ICD10 G44.84: Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures
[edit]- Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone
- Headache attributed to disorder of neck
- Cervicogenic headache
- Headache attributed to retropharyngeal tendonitis
- Headache attributed to craniocervical dystonia
- Headache attributed to disorder of eyes
- Headache attributed to acute glaucoma
- Headache attributed to refractive errors
- Headache attributed to heterophoria or heterotropia (latent or manifest squint)
- Headache attributed to ocular inflammatory disorder
- Headache attributed to disorder of ears
- Headache attributed to rhinosinusitis
- Headache attributed to disorder of teeth, jaws or related structures
- Headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder
- Headache attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses,
teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structures
ICHD 12, ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder
[edit]- Headache attributed to somatization disorder
- Headache attributed to psychotic disorder
Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches
[edit]ICHD 13, ICD10 G44.847, G44.848, or G44.85: Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain
[edit]- ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847: Trigeminal neuralgia
- Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
- Nervus intermedius neuralgia
- Superior laryngeal neuralgia
- Nasociliary neuralgia
- Supraorbital neuralgia
- Other terminal branch neuralgias
- Occipital neuralgia
- Neck-tongue syndrome
- External compression headache
- Cold-stimulus headache
- Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions
- Optic neuritis
- Ocular diabetic neuropathy
- Head or facial pain attributed to herpes zoster
- Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster
- Post-herpetic neuralgia
- Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
- Opthalamoplegic migraine
- Central causes of facial pain
- Anaesthesia dolorosa
- Central post-stroke pain
- Facial pain attributable to multiple sclerosis
- Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term for atypical facial pain)
- Burning mouth syndrome
- Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain
ICHD 14, ICD10 R51: Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain
[edit]- Headache not elsewhere classified
- Headache unspecified
References
[edit]- ^ Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2004). "The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition" (PDF). Cephalalgia. 24 (Supplement 1). Oxford, England, UK: Blackwell Publishing: 1–160. ISSN 0333-1024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
- ^ a b Olesen, Jes; Goadsby, Peter J.; Ramadan, Nabih M.; Tfelt-Hansen, Peter; Welch, K. Michael A. (2006). The Headaches (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1–13. ISBN 0-7817-5400-3.
- ^ Website The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Retrieved 15. July 2018.
- ^ Kim, Byung-Kun; Cho, Soo-Jin; Kim, Byung-Su; Sohn, Jong-Hee; Kim, Soo-Kyoung; Cha, Myoung-Jin; Song, Tae-Jin; Kim, Jae-Moon; Park, Jeong Wook; Chu, Min Kyung; Park, Kwang-Yeol; Moon, Heui-Soo (January 2016). "Comprehensive Application of the International Classification of Headache Disorders Third Edition, Beta Version". Journal of Korean Medical Science. 31 (1): 106–113. doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.1.106. ISSN 1011-8934. PMC 4712567. PMID 26770045.
- ^ Oliveira, Felipe Araujo Andrade; Sampaio Rocha-Filho, Pedro Augusto (22 March 2019). "Headaches Attributed to Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack". Headache. 59 (3): 469–476. doi:10.1111/head.13478. ISSN 1526-4610. PMID 30667047.