Tajik/Lesson 3
This is the grammar of the Tajik language.
Ҷонишинҳои шахсӣ (Personal pronouns)
[edit | edit source]| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Ман | Мо |
| 2nd person | Ту | Шумо |
| 3rd person | Вай, ӯ | Онҳо |
Now we will create simple phrases with the pronouns and the words хона - house and доштан (асоси замони ҳозира: дор) - have.
Ман хона дорам - I have a house
Мо хона дорем - We have a house
Ту хона дорӣ - You have a house
Шумо хона доред - You (pl.) have a house
Вай хона дорад (Ӯ хона дорад) - He has a house
Онҳо хона доранд - They have a house
Асосҳои феълӣ (Verb stems)
[edit | edit source]Масдар (Infinitive)
[edit | edit source]The infinitive in Tajik consists of the past tense stem and the infinitive ending -ан.
пухтан - to bake
рафтан - to go
кардан - to do
харидан - to buy
омадан - to come
бурдан - to carry
гирифтан - to take
доштан - to have
додан - to give
рақсидан - to dance
гуфтан - to say
хӯрдан - to eat
афтидан - to fall
нӯшидан - to drink
давидан - to run
мондан - to lay (transitive verb)
Асоси замони гузашта (Past tense stem)
[edit | edit source]The past tense stem indicates the singular 3rd person past simple verb (he did, etc.). To form the past tense stem, the -ан ending is detached from the infinitive. However, some verbs are irregular.
афтод - he fell
Асоси замони ҳозира (Present/future tense stem)
[edit | edit source]The present/future tense stem is mostly irregular. It indicates the imperative.
паз - bake!
рав - go!
кун - do!
хар - buy!
ой - come!
бар - carry!
гир - take!
дор - have!
деҳ - give!
рақс - dance!
гӯй - say!
хӯр - eat!
афт - fall!
нӯш - drink
дав - run!