Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukuthuthuka
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuthuthuka
|
ukungathuthuki
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
thuthuka
|
-thuthuke
|
Plural
|
thuthukani
|
-thuthukeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyathuthuka, ngithuthuka
|
engithuthukayo, engithuthuka
|
ngithuthuka
|
angithuthuki
|
engingathuthuki
|
ngingathuthuki
|
2nd singular
|
uyathuthuka, uthuthuka
|
othuthukayo, othuthuka
|
uthuthuka
|
awuthuthuki
|
ongathuthuki
|
ungathuthuki
|
1st plural
|
siyathuthuka, sithuthuka
|
esithuthukayo, esithuthuka
|
sithuthuka
|
asithuthuki
|
esingathuthuki
|
singathuthuki
|
2nd plural
|
niyathuthuka, nithuthuka
|
enithuthukayo, enithuthuka
|
nithuthuka
|
anithuthuki
|
eningathuthuki
|
ningathuthuki
|
Class 1
|
uyathuthuka, uthuthuka
|
othuthukayo, othuthuka
|
ethuthuka
|
akathuthuki
|
ongathuthuki
|
engathuthuki
|
Class 2
|
bayathuthuka, bathuthuka
|
abathuthukayo, abathuthuka
|
bethuthuka
|
abathuthuki
|
abangathuthuki
|
bengathuthuki
|
Class 3
|
uyathuthuka, uthuthuka
|
othuthukayo, othuthuka
|
uthuthuka
|
awuthuthuki
|
ongathuthuki
|
ungathuthuki
|
Class 4
|
iyathuthuka, ithuthuka
|
ethuthukayo, ethuthuka
|
ithuthuka
|
ayithuthuki
|
engathuthuki
|
ingathuthuki
|
Class 5
|
liyathuthuka, lithuthuka
|
elithuthukayo, elithuthuka
|
lithuthuka
|
alithuthuki
|
elingathuthuki
|
lingathuthuki
|
Class 6
|
ayathuthuka, athuthuka
|
athuthukayo, athuthuka
|
ethuthuka
|
awathuthuki
|
angathuthuki
|
engathuthuki
|
Class 7
|
siyathuthuka, sithuthuka
|
esithuthukayo, esithuthuka
|
sithuthuka
|
asithuthuki
|
esingathuthuki
|
singathuthuki
|
Class 8
|
ziyathuthuka, zithuthuka
|
ezithuthukayo, ezithuthuka
|
zithuthuka
|
azithuthuki
|
ezingathuthuki
|
zingathuthuki
|
Class 9
|
iyathuthuka, ithuthuka
|
ethuthukayo, ethuthuka
|
ithuthuka
|
ayithuthuki
|
engathuthuki
|
ingathuthuki
|
Class 10
|
ziyathuthuka, zithuthuka
|
ezithuthukayo, ezithuthuka
|
zithuthuka
|
azithuthuki
|
ezingathuthuki
|
zingathuthuki
|
Class 11
|
luyathuthuka, luthuthuka
|
oluthuthukayo, oluthuthuka
|
luthuthuka
|
aluthuthuki
|
olungathuthuki
|
lungathuthuki
|
Class 14
|
buyathuthuka, buthuthuka
|
obuthuthukayo, obuthuthuka
|
buthuthuka
|
abuthuthuki
|
obungathuthuki
|
bungathuthuki
|
Class 15
|
kuyathuthuka, kuthuthuka
|
okuthuthukayo, okuthuthuka
|
kuthuthuka
|
akuthuthuki
|
okungathuthuki
|
kungathuthuki
|
Class 17
|
kuyathuthuka, kuthuthuka
|
okuthuthukayo, okuthuthuka
|
kuthuthuka
|
akuthuthuki
|
okungathuthuki
|
kungathuthuki
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngithuthukile, ngithuthukē
|
engithuthukile, engithuthukē
|
ngithuthukile, ngithuthukē
|
angithuthukanga
|
engingathuthukanga
|
ngingathuthukanga
|
2nd singular
|
uthuthukile, uthuthukē
|
othuthukile, othuthukē
|
uthuthukile, uthuthukē
|
awuthuthukanga
|
ongathuthukanga
|
ungathuthukanga
|
1st plural
|
sithuthukile, sithuthukē
|
esithuthukile, esithuthukē
|
sithuthukile, sithuthukē
|
asithuthukanga
|
esingathuthukanga
|
singathuthukanga
|
2nd plural
|
nithuthukile, nithuthukē
|
enithuthukile, enithuthukē
|
nithuthukile, nithuthukē
|
anithuthukanga
|
eningathuthukanga
|
ningathuthukanga
|
Class 1
|
uthuthukile, uthuthukē
|
othuthukile, othuthukē
|
ethuthukile, ethuthukē
|
akathuthukanga
|
ongathuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
Class 2
|
bathuthukile, bathuthukē
|
abathuthukile, abathuthukē
|
bethuthukile, bethuthukē
|
abathuthukanga
|
abangathuthukanga
|
bengathuthukanga
|
Class 3
|
uthuthukile, uthuthukē
|
othuthukile, othuthukē
|
uthuthukile, uthuthukē
|
awuthuthukanga
|
ongathuthukanga
|
ungathuthukanga
|
Class 4
|
ithuthukile, ithuthukē
|
ethuthukile, ethuthukē
|
ithuthukile, ithuthukē
|
ayithuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
ingathuthukanga
|
Class 5
|
lithuthukile, lithuthukē
|
elithuthukile, elithuthukē
|
lithuthukile, lithuthukē
|
alithuthukanga
|
elingathuthukanga
|
lingathuthukanga
|
Class 6
|
athuthukile, athuthukē
|
athuthukile, athuthukē
|
ethuthukile, ethuthukē
|
awathuthukanga
|
angathuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
Class 7
|
sithuthukile, sithuthukē
|
esithuthukile, esithuthukē
|
sithuthukile, sithuthukē
|
asithuthukanga
|
esingathuthukanga
|
singathuthukanga
|
Class 8
|
zithuthukile, zithuthukē
|
ezithuthukile, ezithuthukē
|
zithuthukile, zithuthukē
|
azithuthukanga
|
ezingathuthukanga
|
zingathuthukanga
|
Class 9
|
ithuthukile, ithuthukē
|
ethuthukile, ethuthukē
|
ithuthukile, ithuthukē
|
ayithuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
ingathuthukanga
|
Class 10
|
zithuthukile, zithuthukē
|
ezithuthukile, ezithuthukē
|
zithuthukile, zithuthukē
|
azithuthukanga
|
ezingathuthukanga
|
zingathuthukanga
|
Class 11
|
luthuthukile, luthuthukē
|
oluthuthukile, oluthuthukē
|
luthuthukile, luthuthukē
|
aluthuthukanga
|
olungathuthukanga
|
lungathuthukanga
|
Class 14
|
buthuthukile, buthuthukē
|
obuthuthukile, obuthuthukē
|
buthuthukile, buthuthukē
|
abuthuthukanga
|
obungathuthukanga
|
bungathuthukanga
|
Class 15
|
kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē
|
okuthuthukile, okuthuthukē
|
kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē
|
akuthuthukanga
|
okungathuthukanga
|
kungathuthukanga
|
Class 17
|
kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē
|
okuthuthukile, okuthuthukē
|
kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē
|
akuthuthukanga
|
okungathuthukanga
|
kungathuthukanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāthuthuka
|
engāthuthuka
|
ngāthuthuka
|
angithuthukanga
|
engingathuthukanga
|
ngingathuthukanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāthuthuka
|
owāthuthuka
|
w��thuthuka
|
awuthuthukanga
|
ongathuthukanga
|
ungathuthukanga
|
1st plural
|
sāthuthuka
|
esāthuthuka
|
sāthuthuka
|
asithuthukanga
|
esingathuthukanga
|
singathuthukanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāthuthuka
|
enāthuthuka
|
nāthuthuka
|
anithuthukanga
|
eningathuthukanga
|
ningathuthukanga
|
Class 1
|
wāthuthuka
|
owāthuthuka
|
āthuthuka
|
akathuthukanga
|
ongathuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
Class 2
|
bāthuthuka
|
abāthuthuka
|
bāthuthuka
|
abathuthukanga
|
abangathuthukanga
|
bengathuthukanga
|
Class 3
|
wāthuthuka
|
owāthuthuka
|
wāthuthuka
|
awuthuthukanga
|
ongathuthukanga
|
ungathuthukanga
|
Class 4
|
yāthuthuka
|
eyāthuthuka
|
yāthuthuka
|
ayithuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
ingathuthukanga
|
Class 5
|
lāthuthuka
|
elāthuthuka
|
lāthuthuka
|
alithuthukanga
|
elingathuthukanga
|
lingathuthukanga
|
Class 6
|
āthuthuka
|
āthuthuka
|
āthuthuka
|
awathuthukanga
|
angathuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
Class 7
|
sāthuthuka
|
esāthuthuka
|
sāthuthuka
|
asithuthukanga
|
esingathuthukanga
|
singathuthukanga
|
Class 8
|
zāthuthuka
|
ezāthuthuka
|
zāthuthuka
|
azithuthukanga
|
ezingathuthukanga
|
zingathuthukanga
|
Class 9
|
yāthuthuka
|
eyāthuthuka
|
yāthuthuka
|
ayithuthukanga
|
engathuthukanga
|
ingathuthukanga
|
Class 10
|
zāthuthuka
|
ezāthuthuka
|
zāthuthuka
|
azithuthukanga
|
ezingathuthukanga
|
zingathuthukanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāthuthuka
|
olwāthuthuka
|
lwāthuthuka
|
aluthuthukanga
|
olungathuthukanga
|
lungathuthukanga
|
Class 14
|
bāthuthuka
|
obāthuthuka
|
bāthuthuka
|
abuthuthukanga
|
obungathuthukanga
|
bungathuthukanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāthuthuka
|
okwāthuthuka
|
kwāthuthuka
|
akuthuthukanga
|
okungathuthukanga
|
kungathuthukanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāthuthuka
|
okwāthuthuka
|
kwāthuthuka
|
akuthuthukanga
|
okungathuthukanga
|
kungathuthukanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingathuthuka
|
—
|
ngingathuthuka
|
ngingethuthuke
|
—
|
ngingethuthuke
|
2nd singular
|
ungathuthuka
|
—
|
ungathuthuka
|
ungethuthuke
|
—
|
ungethuthuke
|
1st plural
|
singathuthuka
|
—
|
singathuthuka
|
singethuthuke
|
—
|
singethuthuke
|
2nd plural
|
ningathuthuka
|
—
|
ningathuthuka
|
ningethuthuke
|
—
|
ningethuthuke
|
Class 1
|
angathuthuka
|
—
|
engathuthuka
|
angethuthuke
|
—
|
engethuthuke
|
Class 2
|
bangathuthuka
|
—
|
bengathuthuka
|
bangethuthuke
|
—
|
bengethuthuke
|
Class 3
|
ungathuthuka
|
—
|
ungathuthuka
|
ungethuthuke
|
—
|
ungethuthuke
|
Class 4
|
ingathuthuka
|
—
|
ingathuthuka
|
ingethuthuke
|
—
|
ingethuthuke
|
Class 5
|
lingathuthuka
|
—
|
lingathuthuka
|
lingethuthuke
|
—
|
lingethuthuke
|
Class 6
|
angathuthuka
|
—
|
engathuthuka
|
angethuthuke
|
—
|
engethuthuke
|
Class 7
|
singathuthuka
|
—
|
singathuthuka
|
singethuthuke
|
—
|
singethuthuke
|
Class 8
|
zingathuthuka
|
—
|
zingathuthuka
|
zingethuthuke
|
—
|
zingethuthuke
|
Class 9
|
ingathuthuka
|
—
|
ingathuthuka
|
ingethuthuke
|
—
|
ingethuthuke
|
Class 10
|
zingathuthuka
|
—
|
zingathuthuka
|
zingethuthuke
|
—
|
zingethuthuke
|
Class 11
|
lungathuthuka
|
—
|
lungathuthuka
|
lungethuthuke
|
—
|
lungethuthuke
|
Class 14
|
bungathuthuka
|
—
|
bungathuthuka
|
bungethuthuke
|
—
|
bungethuthuke
|
Class 15
|
kungathuthuka
|
—
|
kungathuthuka
|
kungethuthuke
|
—
|
kungethuthuke
|
Class 17
|
kungathuthuka
|
—
|
kungathuthuka
|
kungethuthuke
|
—
|
kungethuthuke
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizothuthuka
|
engizothuthuka
|
ngizothuthuka
|
angizuthuthuka
|
engingezuthuthuka
|
ngingezuthuthuka
|
2nd singular
|
uzothuthuka
|
ozothuthuka
|
uzothuthuka
|
awuzuthuthuka
|
ongezuthuthuka
|
ungezuthuthuka
|
1st plural
|
sizothuthuka
|
esizothuthuka
|
sizothuthuka
|
asizuthuthuka
|
esingezuthuthuka
|
singezuthuthuka
|
2nd plural
|
nizothuthuka
|
enizothuthuka
|
nizothuthuka
|
anizuthuthuka
|
eningezuthuthuka
|
ningezuthuthuka
|
Class 1
|
uzothuthuka
|
ozothuthuka
|
ezothuthuka
|
akazuthuthuka
|
ongezuthuthuka
|
engezuthuthuka
|
Class 2
|
bazothuthuka
|
abazothuthuka
|
bezothuthuka
|
abazuthuthuka
|
abangezuthuthuka
|
bengezuthuthuka
|
Class 3
|
uzothuthuka
|
ozothuthuka
|
uzothuthuka
|
awuzuthuthuka
|
ongezuthuthuka
|
ungezuthuthuka
|
Class 4
|
izothuthuka
|
ezothuthuka
|
izothuthuka
|
ayizuthuthuka
|
engezuthuthuka
|
ingezuthuthuka
|
Class 5
|
lizothuthuka
|
elizothuthuka
|
lizothuthuka
|
alizuthuthuka
|
elingezuthuthuka
|
lingezuthuthuka
|
Class 6
|
azothuthuka
|
azothuthuka
|
ezothuthuka
|
awazuthuthuka
|
angezuthuthuka
|
engezuthuthuka
|
Class 7
|
sizothuthuka
|
esizothuthuka
|
sizothuthuka
|
asizuthuthuka
|
esingezuthuthuka
|
singezuthuthuka
|
Class 8
|
zizothuthuka
|
ezizothuthuka
|
zizothuthuka
|
azizuthuthuka
|
ezingezuthuthuka
|
zingezuthuthuka
|
Class 9
|
izothuthuka
|
ezothuthuka
|
izothuthuka
|
ayizuthuthuka
|
engezuthuthuka
|
ingezuthuthuka
|
Class 10
|
zizothuthuka
|
ezizothuthuka
|
zizothuthuka
|
azizuthuthuka
|
ezingezuthuthuka
|
zingezuthuthuka
|
Class 11
|
luzothuthuka
|
oluzothuthuka
|
luzothuthuka
|
aluzuthuthuka
|
olungezuthuthuka
|
lungezuthuthuka
|
Class 14
|
buzothuthuka
|
obuzothuthuka
|
buzothuthuka
|
abuzuthuthuka
|
obungezuthuthuka
|
bungezuthuthuka
|
Class 15
|
kuzothuthuka
|
okuzothuthuka
|
kuzothuthuka
|
akuzuthuthuka
|
okungezuthuthuka
|
kungezuthuthuka
|
Class 17
|
kuzothuthuka
|
okuzothuthuka
|
kuzothuthuka
|
akuzuthuthuka
|
okungezuthuthuka
|
kungezuthuthuka
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyothuthuka
|
engiyothuthuka
|
ngiyothuthuka
|
angiyuthuthuka
|
engingeyuthuthuka
|
ngingeyuthuthuka
|
2nd singular
|
uyothuthuka
|
oyothuthuka
|
uyothuthuka
|
awuyuthuthuka
|
ongeyuthuthuka
|
ungeyuthuthuka
|
1st plural
|
siyothuthuka
|
esiyothuthuka
|
siyothuthuka
|
asiyuthuthuka
|
esingeyuthuthuka
|
singeyuthuthuka
|
2nd plural
|
niyothuthuka
|
eniyothuthuka
|
niyothuthuka
|
aniyuthuthuka
|
eningeyuthuthuka
|
ningeyuthuthuka
|
Class 1
|
uyothuthuka
|
oyothuthuka
|
eyothuthuka
|
akayuthuthuka
|
ongeyuthuthuka
|
engeyuthuthuka
|
Class 2
|
bayothuthuka
|
abayothuthuka
|
beyothuthuka
|
abayuthuthuka
|
abangeyuthuthuka
|
bengeyuthuthuka
|
Class 3
|
uyothuthuka
|
oyothuthuka
|
uyothuthuka
|
awuyuthuthuka
|
ongeyuthuthuka
|
ungeyuthuthuka
|
Class 4
|
iyothuthuka
|
eyothuthuka
|
iyothuthuka
|
ayiyuthuthuka
|
engeyuthuthuka
|
ingeyuthuthuka
|
Class 5
|
liyothuthuka
|
eliyothuthuka
|
liyothuthuka
|
aliyuthuthuka
|
elingeyuthuthuka
|
lingeyuthuthuka
|
Class 6
|
ayothuthuka
|
ayothuthuka
|
eyothuthuka
|
awayuthuthuka
|
angeyuthuthuka
|
engeyuthuthuka
|
Class 7
|
siyothuthuka
|
esiyothuthuka
|
siyothuthuka
|
asiyuthuthuka
|
esingeyuthuthuka
|
singeyuthuthuka
|
Class 8
|
ziyothuthuka
|
eziyothuthuka
|
ziyothuthuka
|
aziyuthuthuka
|
ezingeyuthuthuka
|
zingeyuthuthuka
|
Class 9
|
iyothuthuka
|
eyothuthuka
|
iyothuthuka
|
ayiyuthuthuka
|
engeyuthuthuka
|
ingeyuthuthuka
|
Class 10
|
ziyothuthuka
|
eziyothuthuka
|
ziyothuthuka
|
aziyuthuthuka
|
ezingeyuthuthuka
|
zingeyuthuthuka
|
Class 11
|
luyothuthuka
|
oluyothuthuka
|
luyothuthuka
|
aluyuthuthuka
|
olungeyuthuthuka
|
lungeyuthuthuka
|
Class 14
|
buyothuthuka
|
obuyothuthuka
|
buyothuthuka
|
abuyuthuthuka
|
obungeyuthuthuka
|
bungeyuthuthuka
|
Class 15
|
kuyothuthuka
|
okuyothuthuka
|
kuyothuthuka
|
akuyuthuthuka
|
okungeyuthuthuka
|
kungeyuthuthuka
|
Class 17
|
kuyothuthuka
|
okuyothuthuka
|
kuyothuthuka
|
akuyuthuthuka
|
okungeyuthuthuka
|
kungeyuthuthuka
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngithuthuke
|
ngingathuthuki
|
2nd singular
|
uthuthuke
|
ungathuthuki
|
1st plural
|
sithuthuke
|
singathuthuki
|
2nd plural
|
nithuthuke
|
ningathuthuki
|
Class 1
|
athuthuke
|
angathuthuki
|
Class 2
|
bathuthuke
|
bangathuthuki
|
Class 3
|
uthuthuke
|
ungathuthuki
|
Class 4
|
ithuthuke
|
ingathuthuki
|
Class 5
|
lithuthuke
|
lingathuthuki
|
Class 6
|
athuthuke
|
angathuthuki
|
Class 7
|
sithuthuke
|
singathuthuki
|
Class 8
|
zithuthuke
|
zingathuthuki
|
Class 9
|
ithuthuke
|
ingathuthuki
|
Class 10
|
zithuthuke
|
zingathuthuki
|
Class 11
|
luthuthuke
|
lungathuthuki
|
Class 14
|
buthuthuke
|
bungathuthuki
|
Class 15
|
kuthuthuke
|
kungathuthuki
|
Class 17
|
kuthuthuke
|
kungathuthuki
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngathuthuka
|
ngangathuthuka, angathuthuka, angangathuthuka
|
2nd singular
|
wathuthuka
|
wangathuthuka, awathuthuka, awangathuthuka
|
1st plural
|
sathuthuka
|
sangathuthuka, asathuthuka, asangathuthuka
|
2nd plural
|
nathuthuka
|
nangathuthuka, anathuthuka, anangathuthuka
|
Class 1
|
wathuthuka
|
wangathuthuka, akathuthuka, akangathuthuka
|
Class 2
|
bathuthuka
|
bangathuthuka, abathuthuka, abangathuthuka
|
Class 3
|
wathuthuka
|
wangathuthuka, awathuthuka, awangathuthuka
|
Class 4
|
yathuthuka
|
yangathuthuka, ayathuthuka, ayangathuthuka
|
Class 5
|
lathuthuka
|
langathuthuka, alathuthuka, alangathuthuka
|
Class 6
|
athuthuka
|
angathuthuka, awathuthuka, awangathuthuka
|
Class 7
|
sathuthuka
|
sangathuthuka, asathuthuka, asangathuthuka
|
Class 8
|
zathuthuka
|
zangathuthuka, azathuthuka, azangathuthuka
|
Class 9
|
yathuthuka
|
yangathuthuka, ayathuthuka, ayangathuthuka
|
Class 10
|
zathuthuka
|
zangathuthuka, azathuthuka, azangathuthuka
|
Class 11
|
lwathuthuka
|
lwangathuthuka, alwathuthuka, alwangathuthuka
|
Class 14
|
bathuthuka
|
bangathuthuka, abathuthuka, abangathuthuka
|
Class 15
|
kwathuthuka
|
kwangathuthuka, akwathuthuka, akwangathuthuka
|
Class 17
|
kwathuthuka
|
kwangathuthuka, akwathuthuka, akwangathuthuka
|